{"id":{"repo_id":"lsu-thes","oai_identifier":"oai:repository.lsu.edu:gradschool_dissertations-1802"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/lsu-thes/oai:repository.lsu.edu:gradschool_dissertations-1802","repository":{"repo_id":"lsu-thes","name":"Lousiana State University","base_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Human Norovirus in Artificial and Environmental Marine Water: Development of Antibody Based Rapid Methods","abstract":"Norovirus (NoV) is the principal cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States. It has been linked to filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, that bioaccumulate the virus from contaminated surrounding waters. The consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated oysters may result in acute gastroenteritis. We investigated the occurrence of NoV GI and GII and microbial indicators of fecal contamination in oysters and harvesting water from areas along the Louisiana Gulf Coast. We developed a filtration and concentration method for the detection of NoV from oyster harvesting waters. Lastly, this body of work compares commonly used molecular techniques (RT-PCR) and a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of NoV. One oyster sample was positive for norovirus GII at 3.5 ± 0.2 log10 genomic equivalent copies/g digestive tissues, however the surrounding water tested negative for NoV. Zeolite granules were used for the filtration of norovirus-seeded waters. Beef Extract (10%) in McIlvaine’s buffer was the optimal elution buffer resulting in an average percent recovery of 41.76 + 0.07 (p<0.05). Artificial and environmental waters with 20ppt salt had an observed average percent recovery of 40.79 + 0.19 and 18.95 + 0.24, respectively which was significantly higher than 0, 5, 10, 15, and 25ppt (p<0.05). The observed percent recoveries for artificial and environmental waters were 44.03 + 0.20 and 34.36 + 0.02, respectively. The percent recovery for artificial and environmental water using TaqMan® Fast Virus 1-Step RT-qPCR was 38.85% + 0.27 and 19.77% + 0.07, respectively. In comparison, SuperScript® III Platinum One-Step qRT-PCR exhibited an average percent recovery of 11.12% + 0.183 and 15.55% + 0.225 for artificial and environmental waters. The EIA assay assay was not sensitive enough to detect NoV in the elution samples despite RT-qPCR methods quantifying the virus concentration between 104 and 105 genomic copies/ml. As such, it is not an effective method for the detection of NoV from environmental water matrices without RT-qPCR as a secondary validation method. This body of work provides an effective method to detect norovirus in oyster harvesting waters. Our results emphasize the need for regular monitoring of pathogenic viruses in oyster harvesting areas to reduce viral gastroenteritis incidences.","abstract_html":"Norovirus (NoV) is the principal cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States. It has been linked to filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, that bioaccumulate the virus from contaminated surrounding waters. The consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated oysters may result in acute gastroenteritis. We investigated the occurrence of NoV GI and GII and microbial indicators of fecal contamination in oysters and harvesting water from areas along the Louisiana Gulf Coast. We developed a filtration and concentration method for the detection of NoV from oyster harvesting waters. Lastly, this body of work compares commonly used molecular techniques (RT-PCR) and a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of NoV. One oyster sample was positive for norovirus GII at 3.5 ± 0.2 log10 genomic equivalent copies/g digestive tissues, however the surrounding water tested negative for NoV. Zeolite granules were used for the filtration of norovirus-seeded waters. Beef Extract (10%) in McIlvaine’s buffer was the optimal elution buffer resulting in an average percent recovery of 41.76 + 0.07 (p&lt;0.05). Artificial and environmental waters with 20ppt salt had an observed average percent recovery of 40.79 + 0.19 and 18.95 + 0.24, respectively which was significantly higher than 0, 5, 10, 15, and 25ppt (p&lt;0.05). The observed percent recoveries for artificial and environmental waters were 44.03 + 0.20 and 34.36 + 0.02, respectively. The percent recovery for artificial and environmental water using TaqMan® Fast Virus 1-Step RT-qPCR was 38.85% + 0.27 and 19.77% + 0.07, respectively. In comparison, SuperScript® III Platinum One-Step qRT-PCR exhibited an average percent recovery of 11.12% + 0.183 and 15.55% + 0.225 for artificial and environmental waters. The EIA assay assay was not sensitive enough to detect NoV in the elution samples despite RT-qPCR methods quantifying the virus concentration between 104 and 105 genomic copies/ml. As such, it is not an effective method for the detection of NoV from environmental water matrices without RT-qPCR as a secondary validation method. This body of work provides an effective method to detect norovirus in oyster harvesting waters. Our results emphasize the need for regular monitoring of pathogenic viruses in oyster harvesting areas to reduce viral gastroenteritis incidences.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Maite, Morgan"],"institution":"School of Nutrition and Food Sciences","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Life Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:58:25Z","subjects":["Norovirus","zeolite","oysters"],"languages":[],"rights":["unrestricted","Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["etd-04062016-083339","https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/803"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-04062016-083339","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/803","href":"https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/803","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.803","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Maite, Morgan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2016-04-01"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-05-12T23:10:02Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Life Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["School of Nutrition and Food Sciences"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Norovirus","zeolite","oysters"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["unrestricted","Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["etd-04062016-083339","10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.803","https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/803"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Norovirus (NoV) is the principal cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States. It has been linked to filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, that bioaccumulate the virus from contaminated surrounding waters. The consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated oysters may result in acute gastroenteritis. We investigated the occurrence of NoV GI and GII and microbial indicators of fecal contamination in oysters and harvesting water from areas along the Louisiana Gulf Coast. We developed a filtration and concentration method for the detection of NoV from oyster harvesting waters. Lastly, this body of work compares commonly used molecular techniques (RT-PCR) and a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of NoV. One oyster sample was positive for norovirus GII at 3.5 ± 0.2 log10 genomic equivalent copies/g digestive tissues, however the surrounding water tested negative for NoV. Zeolite granules were used for the filtration of norovirus-seeded waters. Beef Extract (10%) in McIlvaine’s buffer was the optimal elution buffer resulting in an average percent recovery of 41.76 + 0.07 (p<0.05). Artificial and environmental waters with 20ppt salt had an observed average percent recovery of 40.79 + 0.19 and 18.95 + 0.24, respectively which was significantly higher than 0, 5, 10, 15, and 25ppt (p<0.05). The observed percent recoveries for artificial and environmental waters were 44.03 + 0.20 and 34.36 + 0.02, respectively. The percent recovery for artificial and environmental water using TaqMan® Fast Virus 1-Step RT-qPCR was 38.85% + 0.27 and 19.77% + 0.07, respectively. In comparison, SuperScript® III Platinum One-Step qRT-PCR exhibited an average percent recovery of 11.12% + 0.183 and 15.55% + 0.225 for artificial and environmental waters. The EIA assay assay was not sensitive enough to detect NoV in the elution samples despite RT-qPCR methods quantifying the virus concentration between 104 and 105 genomic copies/ml. As such, it is not an effective method for the detection of NoV from environmental water matrices without RT-qPCR as a secondary validation method. This body of work provides an effective method to detect norovirus in oyster harvesting waters. Our results emphasize the need for regular monitoring of pathogenic viruses in oyster harvesting areas to reduce viral gastroenteritis incidences."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Human Norovirus in Artificial and Environmental Marine Water: Development of Antibody Based Rapid Methods"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Maite, Morgan"],"dc:date":["2016-04-01"],"dc:date.available":["2022-05-12T23:10:02Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Norovirus (NoV) is the principal cause of viral gastroenteritis in the United States. It has been linked to filter-feeding molluscan shellfish, that bioaccumulate the virus from contaminated surrounding waters. The consumption of raw or undercooked contaminated oysters may result in acute gastroenteritis. We investigated the occurrence of NoV GI and GII and microbial indicators of fecal contamination in oysters and harvesting water from areas along the Louisiana Gulf Coast. We developed a filtration and concentration method for the detection of NoV from oyster harvesting waters. Lastly, this body of work compares commonly used molecular techniques (RT-PCR) and a commercial enzyme immunoassay for the detection of NoV. One oyster sample was positive for norovirus GII at 3.5 ± 0.2 log10 genomic equivalent copies/g digestive tissues, however the surrounding water tested negative for NoV. Zeolite granules were used for the filtration of norovirus-seeded waters. Beef Extract (10%) in McIlvaine’s buffer was the optimal elution buffer resulting in an average percent recovery of 41.76 + 0.07 (p<0.05). Artificial and environmental waters with 20ppt salt had an observed average percent recovery of 40.79 + 0.19 and 18.95 + 0.24, respectively which was significantly higher than 0, 5, 10, 15, and 25ppt (p<0.05). The observed percent recoveries for artificial and environmental waters were 44.03 + 0.20 and 34.36 + 0.02, respectively. The percent recovery for artificial and environmental water using TaqMan® Fast Virus 1-Step RT-qPCR was 38.85% + 0.27 and 19.77% + 0.07, respectively. In comparison, SuperScript® III Platinum One-Step qRT-PCR exhibited an average percent recovery of 11.12% + 0.183 and 15.55% + 0.225 for artificial and environmental waters. The EIA assay assay was not sensitive enough to detect NoV in the elution samples despite RT-qPCR methods quantifying the virus concentration between 104 and 105 genomic copies/ml. As such, it is not an effective method for the detection of NoV from environmental water matrices without RT-qPCR as a secondary validation method. This body of work provides an effective method to detect norovirus in oyster harvesting waters. Our results emphasize the need for regular monitoring of pathogenic viruses in oyster harvesting areas to reduce viral gastroenteritis incidences."],"dc:identifier":["etd-04062016-083339","10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.803","https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/803"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide."],"dc:subject":["Norovirus","zeolite","oysters"],"dc:title":["Human Norovirus in Artificial and Environmental Marine Water: Development of Antibody Based Rapid Methods"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Life Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"],"thesis:institution_name":["School of Nutrition and Food Sciences"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:58:25Z"}