{"id":{"repo_id":"lsu-thes","oai_identifier":"oai:repository.lsu.edu:gradschool_dissertations-1524"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/lsu-thes/oai:repository.lsu.edu:gradschool_dissertations-1524","repository":{"repo_id":"lsu-thes","name":"Lousiana State University","base_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Wood liquefaction in the presence of phenol with a weak acid catalyst and its potential for novolac type wood adhesives","abstract":"Wood liquefaction was conducted using phenol as a reagent solvent with oxalic acid as a catalyst. A series of studies were done on liquefied wood, liquefied wood residues, novolac-type liquefied wood resins, and bio-composites fabricated from liquefied wood resin. The results of the liquefied wood residue characterization revealed that the liquefaction reactions conducted in different reaction vessels underwent different liquefaction mechanisms. The crystallinity indexes of the liquefied wood residues were higher than that of the original wood, indicating that the amorphous lignin was the most susceptible component in wood to the liquefaction reaction. Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions were found to have catalytic effects during liquefaction reaction. The cure kinetic study of two typical liquefied wood resins (LWR) showed that the activation energies of liquefied wood resin were higher than conventional phenolic resins and close to that of a lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin from another study. It was found that LWR followed an autocatalytic cure mechanism. Two kinetic models were proposed for LWR based on the isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The flexural strengths of the composites were comparable to that of similar products reported by other researchers, indicating that the liquefied wood resin and liquefied wood residue from a weak-acid-catalyzed liquefaction could be successfully applied to molded bio-composite products as a substitute for conventional novolac resin.","abstract_html":"Wood liquefaction was conducted using phenol as a reagent solvent with oxalic acid as a catalyst. A series of studies were done on liquefied wood, liquefied wood residues, novolac-type liquefied wood resins, and bio-composites fabricated from liquefied wood resin. The results of the liquefied wood residue characterization revealed that the liquefaction reactions conducted in different reaction vessels underwent different liquefaction mechanisms. The crystallinity indexes of the liquefied wood residues were higher than that of the original wood, indicating that the amorphous lignin was the most susceptible component in wood to the liquefaction reaction. Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions were found to have catalytic effects during liquefaction reaction. The cure kinetic study of two typical liquefied wood resins (LWR) showed that the activation energies of liquefied wood resin were higher than conventional phenolic resins and close to that of a lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin from another study. It was found that LWR followed an autocatalytic cure mechanism. Two kinetic models were proposed for LWR based on the isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The flexural strengths of the composites were comparable to that of similar products reported by other researchers, indicating that the liquefied wood resin and liquefied wood residue from a weak-acid-catalyzed liquefaction could be successfully applied to molded bio-composite products as a substitute for conventional novolac resin.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pan, Hui"],"institution":"Renewable Natural Resources","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Environmental Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2007,"date_issued":"2007-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2007-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:57:49Z","subjects":["wood residue","wood liquefaction","phenol","novolac","composite"],"languages":[],"rights":["unrestricted","Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["etd-07162007-132432","https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/525"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-07162007-132432","href":null,"code":true},{"text":"https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/525","href":"https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/525","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://doi.org/10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.525","outbound_label":"DOI","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pan, Hui"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2007-05-03"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-05-12T23:09:06Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environmental Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Renewable Natural Resources"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["wood residue","wood liquefaction","phenol","novolac","composite"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["unrestricted","Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["etd-07162007-132432","10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.525","https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/525"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Wood liquefaction was conducted using phenol as a reagent solvent with oxalic acid as a catalyst. A series of studies were done on liquefied wood, liquefied wood residues, novolac-type liquefied wood resins, and bio-composites fabricated from liquefied wood resin. The results of the liquefied wood residue characterization revealed that the liquefaction reactions conducted in different reaction vessels underwent different liquefaction mechanisms. The crystallinity indexes of the liquefied wood residues were higher than that of the original wood, indicating that the amorphous lignin was the most susceptible component in wood to the liquefaction reaction. Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions were found to have catalytic effects during liquefaction reaction. The cure kinetic study of two typical liquefied wood resins (LWR) showed that the activation energies of liquefied wood resin were higher than conventional phenolic resins and close to that of a lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin from another study. It was found that LWR followed an autocatalytic cure mechanism. Two kinetic models were proposed for LWR based on the isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The flexural strengths of the composites were comparable to that of similar products reported by other researchers, indicating that the liquefied wood resin and liquefied wood residue from a weak-acid-catalyzed liquefaction could be successfully applied to molded bio-composite products as a substitute for conventional novolac resin."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Wood liquefaction in the presence of phenol with a weak acid catalyst and its potential for novolac type wood adhesives"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Pan, Hui"],"dc:date":["2007-05-03"],"dc:date.available":["2022-05-12T23:09:06Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Wood liquefaction was conducted using phenol as a reagent solvent with oxalic acid as a catalyst. A series of studies were done on liquefied wood, liquefied wood residues, novolac-type liquefied wood resins, and bio-composites fabricated from liquefied wood resin. The results of the liquefied wood residue characterization revealed that the liquefaction reactions conducted in different reaction vessels underwent different liquefaction mechanisms. The crystallinity indexes of the liquefied wood residues were higher than that of the original wood, indicating that the amorphous lignin was the most susceptible component in wood to the liquefaction reaction. Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions were found to have catalytic effects during liquefaction reaction. The cure kinetic study of two typical liquefied wood resins (LWR) showed that the activation energies of liquefied wood resin were higher than conventional phenolic resins and close to that of a lignin-phenol-formaldehyde resin from another study. It was found that LWR followed an autocatalytic cure mechanism. Two kinetic models were proposed for LWR based on the isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The flexural strengths of the composites were comparable to that of similar products reported by other researchers, indicating that the liquefied wood resin and liquefied wood residue from a weak-acid-catalyzed liquefaction could be successfully applied to molded bio-composite products as a substitute for conventional novolac resin."],"dc:identifier":["etd-07162007-132432","10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.525","https://repository.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/525"],"dc:rights":["unrestricted","Release the entire work immediately for access worldwide."],"dc:subject":["wood residue","wood liquefaction","phenol","novolac","composite"],"dc:title":["Wood liquefaction in the presence of phenol with a weak acid catalyst and its potential for novolac type wood adhesives"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environmental Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"],"thesis:institution_name":["Renewable Natural Resources"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:57:49Z"}