Objective: To compare the dentin shear bond strength of three self-etching bonding agents with that of a conventional total-etch bonding system.
Materials & Method: Extracted third molars (120) were fixed in 10% formalin and randomly divided into eight groups of 15 specimens each. The specimens were mounted in acrylic resin and the surface ground to expose superficial dentin. A standardized smear layer was created by polishing the surfaces with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Each adhesive system was placed on the specimen surface according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimen then was mounted onto a standardized jig and light cured. Composite stubs of 2.38 mm in diameter and 3 mm high were placed directly on top of the bonding agent using incremental layers of Z250, shade A1 composite.
Each sample was paired randomly for testing under two different conditions: thermocycled and non-thermocycled. In the non-thermocycled group, samples were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C while the thermocycled group was cycled 750 times in alternating baths of 5°C and 55°C with a 20 second dwell time in each bath.
The bonds were subsequently stressed to failure using a universal material testing machine operating at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The mean de-bonding force was measured in Newtons (N) and converted to Megapascals (MPa) for statistical analysis. Analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-Test. The sample surfaces were subsequently examined under a stereomicroscope to assess the percentage of cohesive and adhesive failure.
Results: Mean results were given (MPa) for the non-thermocycled and thermocycled samples. (Scotchbond= 38.3 ± 4.5 and 30.1 ± 4.9; G-Bond= 25.4 ± 3.1 and 19.6 ± 2.2; L-Pop=23.9 ± 2.9 and 20.3 ± 3.2; Brush & Bond= 30.0 ± 4.5 and 29.5 ± 2.5). In both the non-thermocycled and thermocycled groups, the control had statistically greater bond strengths than G-Bond, L-Pop, or Brush & Bond (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: The shear bond strength of the total-etch system (control) was statistically higher than that of the self-etch systems. However, under conditions of the present study, the self-etch bonding systems investigated were capable of providing adequate dentin bond strengths.
","abstract_html":"<p>Objective: To compare the dentin shear bond strength of three self-etching bonding agents with that of a conventional total-etch bonding system.</p> <p>Materials & Method: Extracted third molars (120) were fixed in 10% formalin and randomly divided into eight groups of 15 specimens each. The specimens were mounted in acrylic resin and the surface ground to expose superficial dentin. A standardized smear layer was created by polishing the surfaces with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Each adhesive system was placed on the specimen surface according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimen then was mounted onto a standardized jig and light cured. Composite stubs of 2.38 mm in diameter and 3 mm high were placed directly on top of the bonding agent using incremental layers of Z250, shade A1 composite.</p> <p>Each sample was paired randomly for testing under two different conditions: thermocycled and non-thermocycled. In the non-thermocycled group, samples were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C while the thermocycled group was cycled 750 times in alternating baths of 5°C and 55°C with a 20 second dwell time in each bath.</p> <p>The bonds were subsequently stressed to failure using a universal material testing machine operating at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The mean de-bonding force was measured in Newtons (N) and converted to Megapascals (MPa) for statistical analysis. Analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-Test. The sample surfaces were subsequently examined under a stereomicroscope to assess the percentage of cohesive and adhesive failure.</p> <p>Results: Mean results were given (MPa) for the non-thermocycled and thermocycled samples. (Scotchbond= 38.3 ± 4.5 and 30.1 ± 4.9; G-Bond= 25.4 ± 3.1 and 19.6 ± 2.2; L-Pop=23.9 ± 2.9 and 20.3 ± 3.2; Brush & Bond= 30.0 ± 4.5 and 29.5 ± 2.5). In both the non-thermocycled and thermocycled groups, the control had statistically greater bond strengths than G-Bond, L-Pop, or Brush & Bond (p< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions: The shear bond strength of the total-etch system (control) was statistically higher than that of the self-etch systems. However, under conditions of the present study, the self-etch bonding systems investigated were capable of providing adequate dentin bond strengths.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Alcaide, Jeff G."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["John Peterson","Jay Kim","Yiming Li","J. Todd Milledge","Bonnie Nelson"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2006,"date_issued":"2006-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2006-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:54:17Z","subjects":["Other Dentistry","Dental Bonding; Dental Materials; Dental Etching; Composite Resins"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1316","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["John Peterson","Jay Kim","Yiming Li","J. Todd Milledge","Bonnie Nelson"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Alcaide, Jeff G."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Other Dentistry","Dental Bonding; Dental Materials; Dental Etching; Composite Resins"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1316"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Objective: To compare the dentin shear bond strength of three self-etching bonding agents with that of a conventional total-etch bonding system.
Materials & Method: Extracted third molars (120) were fixed in 10% formalin and randomly divided into eight groups of 15 specimens each. The specimens were mounted in acrylic resin and the surface ground to expose superficial dentin. A standardized smear layer was created by polishing the surfaces with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Each adhesive system was placed on the specimen surface according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimen then was mounted onto a standardized jig and light cured. Composite stubs of 2.38 mm in diameter and 3 mm high were placed directly on top of the bonding agent using incremental layers of Z250, shade A1 composite.
Each sample was paired randomly for testing under two different conditions: thermocycled and non-thermocycled. In the non-thermocycled group, samples were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C while the thermocycled group was cycled 750 times in alternating baths of 5°C and 55°C with a 20 second dwell time in each bath.
The bonds were subsequently stressed to failure using a universal material testing machine operating at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The mean de-bonding force was measured in Newtons (N) and converted to Megapascals (MPa) for statistical analysis. Analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-Test. The sample surfaces were subsequently examined under a stereomicroscope to assess the percentage of cohesive and adhesive failure.
Results: Mean results were given (MPa) for the non-thermocycled and thermocycled samples. (Scotchbond= 38.3 ± 4.5 and 30.1 ± 4.9; G-Bond= 25.4 ± 3.1 and 19.6 ± 2.2; L-Pop=23.9 ± 2.9 and 20.3 ± 3.2; Brush & Bond= 30.0 ± 4.5 and 29.5 ± 2.5). In both the non-thermocycled and thermocycled groups, the control had statistically greater bond strengths than G-Bond, L-Pop, or Brush & Bond (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: The shear bond strength of the total-etch system (control) was statistically higher than that of the self-etch systems. However, under conditions of the present study, the self-etch bonding systems investigated were capable of providing adequate dentin bond strengths.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Shear Strengths of Three \"One-Step\" Self-Etching Dental Bonding Agents"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["John Peterson","Jay Kim","Yiming Li","J. Todd Milledge","Bonnie Nelson"],"dc:creator":["Alcaide, Jeff G."],"dc:description.abstract":["Objective: To compare the dentin shear bond strength of three self-etching bonding agents with that of a conventional total-etch bonding system.
Materials & Method: Extracted third molars (120) were fixed in 10% formalin and randomly divided into eight groups of 15 specimens each. The specimens were mounted in acrylic resin and the surface ground to expose superficial dentin. A standardized smear layer was created by polishing the surfaces with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper. Each adhesive system was placed on the specimen surface according to the manufacturers' instructions. The specimen then was mounted onto a standardized jig and light cured. Composite stubs of 2.38 mm in diameter and 3 mm high were placed directly on top of the bonding agent using incremental layers of Z250, shade A1 composite.
Each sample was paired randomly for testing under two different conditions: thermocycled and non-thermocycled. In the non-thermocycled group, samples were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C while the thermocycled group was cycled 750 times in alternating baths of 5°C and 55°C with a 20 second dwell time in each bath.
The bonds were subsequently stressed to failure using a universal material testing machine operating at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The mean de-bonding force was measured in Newtons (N) and converted to Megapascals (MPa) for statistical analysis. Analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-Test. The sample surfaces were subsequently examined under a stereomicroscope to assess the percentage of cohesive and adhesive failure.
Results: Mean results were given (MPa) for the non-thermocycled and thermocycled samples. (Scotchbond= 38.3 ± 4.5 and 30.1 ± 4.9; G-Bond= 25.4 ± 3.1 and 19.6 ± 2.2; L-Pop=23.9 ± 2.9 and 20.3 ± 3.2; Brush & Bond= 30.0 ± 4.5 and 29.5 ± 2.5). In both the non-thermocycled and thermocycled groups, the control had statistically greater bond strengths than G-Bond, L-Pop, or Brush & Bond (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: The shear bond strength of the total-etch system (control) was statistically higher than that of the self-etch systems. However, under conditions of the present study, the self-etch bonding systems investigated were capable of providing adequate dentin bond strengths.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1316"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Other Dentistry","Dental Bonding; Dental Materials; Dental Etching; Composite Resins"],"dc:title":["Shear Strengths of Three \"One-Step\" Self-Etching Dental Bonding Agents"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:54:17Z"}