A meta-analysis comparing the long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy in preventing relapse following treatment discontinuation was performed using published studies of depressed participants. Twenty-three articles met inclusionary criteria and were included in the analyses. Weighted effect sizes and moderators, treatment type, were calculated using statistical analysis software. Initially, fixed effects models were applied to the data, but due to significant between-group heterogeneity that could not be fully explained by treatment type, mixed effect models were used to account for the residual heterogeneity. Results indicated that overall, depressed individuals treated to remission with CBT evidence decreased relapse rates up to 104 weeks post-treatment compared to those treated with pharmacotherapy. This finding was specifically supported at 52 weeks follow-up. However, while this finding was not significant at 104 weeks, the clear trend was in support of CBT. These findings have important implications for the effective long-term management of the recurrent nature of major depression.
","abstract_html":"<p>A meta-analysis comparing the long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy in preventing relapse following treatment discontinuation was performed using published studies of depressed participants. Twenty-three articles met inclusionary criteria and were included in the analyses. Weighted effect sizes and moderators, treatment type, were calculated using statistical analysis software. Initially, fixed effects models were applied to the data, but due to significant between-group heterogeneity that could not be fully explained by treatment type, mixed effect models were used to account for the residual heterogeneity. Results indicated that overall, depressed individuals treated to remission with CBT evidence decreased relapse rates up to 104 weeks post-treatment compared to those treated with pharmacotherapy. This finding was specifically supported at 52 weeks follow-up. However, while this finding was not significant at 104 weeks, the clear trend was in support of CBT. These findings have important implications for the effective long-term management of the recurrent nature of major depression.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Michel, Daniel B."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)","degree_level":"Doctoral Project","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kendal C. Boyd","Louis E. Jenkins","David A. Vermeersch"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2007,"date_issued":"2007-12-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2007-12-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:54:10Z","subjects":["Biostatistics","Cognitive Behavioral Therapy","Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","Psychology","Depression; Depressive Disorder -- therapy; Cognitive Therapy; Drug Therapy."],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1596","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kendal C. Boyd","Louis E. Jenkins","David A. Vermeersch"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Michel, Daniel B."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral Project"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biostatistics","Cognitive Behavioral Therapy","Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","Psychology","Depression; Depressive Disorder -- therapy; Cognitive Therapy; Drug Therapy."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1596"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A meta-analysis comparing the long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy in preventing relapse following treatment discontinuation was performed using published studies of depressed participants. Twenty-three articles met inclusionary criteria and were included in the analyses. Weighted effect sizes and moderators, treatment type, were calculated using statistical analysis software. Initially, fixed effects models were applied to the data, but due to significant between-group heterogeneity that could not be fully explained by treatment type, mixed effect models were used to account for the residual heterogeneity. Results indicated that overall, depressed individuals treated to remission with CBT evidence decreased relapse rates up to 104 weeks post-treatment compared to those treated with pharmacotherapy. This finding was specifically supported at 52 weeks follow-up. However, while this finding was not significant at 104 weeks, the clear trend was in support of CBT. These findings have important implications for the effective long-term management of the recurrent nature of major depression.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Efficacy of Cognitive Therapy and Pharmacotherapy In Depression: A Meta-Analysis"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kendal C. Boyd","Louis E. Jenkins","David A. Vermeersch"],"dc:creator":["Michel, Daniel B."],"dc:description.abstract":["A meta-analysis comparing the long-term effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy in preventing relapse following treatment discontinuation was performed using published studies of depressed participants. Twenty-three articles met inclusionary criteria and were included in the analyses. Weighted effect sizes and moderators, treatment type, were calculated using statistical analysis software. Initially, fixed effects models were applied to the data, but due to significant between-group heterogeneity that could not be fully explained by treatment type, mixed effect models were used to account for the residual heterogeneity. Results indicated that overall, depressed individuals treated to remission with CBT evidence decreased relapse rates up to 104 weeks post-treatment compared to those treated with pharmacotherapy. This finding was specifically supported at 52 weeks follow-up. However, while this finding was not significant at 104 weeks, the clear trend was in support of CBT. These findings have important implications for the effective long-term management of the recurrent nature of major depression.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1596"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Biostatistics","Cognitive Behavioral Therapy","Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences","Psychology","Depression; Depressive Disorder -- therapy; Cognitive Therapy; Drug Therapy."],"dc:title":["Efficacy of Cognitive Therapy and Pharmacotherapy In Depression: A Meta-Analysis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral Project"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:54:10Z"}