In this study, the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on peritoneal macrophage killing of H238 target cells and the potential for reversal of the immunosuppressive effect by IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were investigated. The responsiveness of naive and peptone-activated macrophages was compared. The cytolytic activity for tumor cells of these effector cells was measured by percent lysis of 3H-thymidine labeled Herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed tumor cells (H238). After 18-24 hours of incubation with TGF-β or IL-10, the cytolytic activity of macro-medium alone. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β or IL-10 on non-activated macrophages was dose-dependent, with as little as 1 ng/ml TGF-β or 25.0 ng/ml IL-10, suppressing the cytolytic activity. After coincubation with TGF-β (5ng/ml) and IL-4 (200ng/ml) or IFN-γ (400 unit/ml), inhibition in the killing activity of macrophages was reversed by 20-30% when compared to controls incubated with TGF-β alone. IL-4 and IFN-γ both partially reversed the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β on macrophages. When 10% proteose peptone was injected into mice to activate macrophages, the findings show that TGF-β could suppress non-activated macrophage cytotoxicity, but did not inhibit the cytotoxicity of peptone-activated cells. The killing activity of resting macrophages was significantly inhibited by 50 ng/ml of IL-10. When H238 tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-TGF-β antibody (Ab), the results show that the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a cytokine known to directly destroy tumors, in H238 tumor-bearing mice without treatment is lower than in H238 tumor-bearing mice with anti-TGF-β Ab treatment.
","abstract_html":"<p>In this study, the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on peritoneal macrophage killing of H238 target cells and the potential for reversal of the immunosuppressive effect by IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were investigated. The responsiveness of naive and peptone-activated macrophages was compared. The cytolytic activity for tumor cells of these effector cells was measured by percent lysis of <sup>3</sup>H-thymidine labeled Herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed tumor cells (H238). After 18-24 hours of incubation with TGF-β or IL-10, the cytolytic activity of macro-medium alone. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β or IL-10 on non-activated macrophages was dose-dependent, with as little as 1 ng/ml TGF-β or 25.0 ng/ml IL-10, suppressing the cytolytic activity. After coincubation with TGF-β (5ng/ml) and IL-4 (200ng/ml) or IFN-γ (400 unit/ml), inhibition in the killing activity of macrophages was reversed by 20-30% when compared to controls incubated with TGF-β alone. IL-4 and IFN-γ both partially reversed the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β on macrophages. When 10% proteose peptone was injected into mice to activate macrophages, the findings show that TGF-β could suppress non-activated macrophage cytotoxicity, but did not inhibit the cytotoxicity of peptone-activated cells. The killing activity of resting macrophages was significantly inhibited by 50 ng/ml of IL-10. When H238 tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-TGF-β antibody (Ab), the results show that the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a cytokine known to directly destroy tumors, in H238 tumor-bearing mice without treatment is lower than in H238 tumor-bearing mice with anti-TGF-β Ab treatment.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lin, Chin-Hung"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Microbiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["James D. Kettering","Daila S. Gridley","Thomas A. Linkhart"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1993,"date_issued":"1993-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1993-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:54:01Z","subjects":["Animal Experimentation and Research","Immune System Diseases","Immunopathology","Immunotherapy","Laboratory and Basic Science Research","Microbiology","Oncology","Virus Diseases","Transforming Growth Factor beta; Interleukin-10; Macrophages; Cytokines; Immunosuppression"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1494","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["James D. Kettering","Daila S. Gridley","Thomas A. Linkhart"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lin, Chin-Hung"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Microbiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Animal Experimentation and Research","Immune System Diseases","Immunopathology","Immunotherapy","Laboratory and Basic Science Research","Microbiology","Oncology","Virus Diseases","Transforming Growth Factor beta; Interleukin-10; Macrophages; Cytokines; Immunosuppression"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1494"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In this study, the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on peritoneal macrophage killing of H238 target cells and the potential for reversal of the immunosuppressive effect by IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were investigated. The responsiveness of naive and peptone-activated macrophages was compared. The cytolytic activity for tumor cells of these effector cells was measured by percent lysis of 3H-thymidine labeled Herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed tumor cells (H238). After 18-24 hours of incubation with TGF-β or IL-10, the cytolytic activity of macro-medium alone. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β or IL-10 on non-activated macrophages was dose-dependent, with as little as 1 ng/ml TGF-β or 25.0 ng/ml IL-10, suppressing the cytolytic activity. After coincubation with TGF-β (5ng/ml) and IL-4 (200ng/ml) or IFN-γ (400 unit/ml), inhibition in the killing activity of macrophages was reversed by 20-30% when compared to controls incubated with TGF-β alone. IL-4 and IFN-γ both partially reversed the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β on macrophages. When 10% proteose peptone was injected into mice to activate macrophages, the findings show that TGF-β could suppress non-activated macrophage cytotoxicity, but did not inhibit the cytotoxicity of peptone-activated cells. The killing activity of resting macrophages was significantly inhibited by 50 ng/ml of IL-10. When H238 tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-TGF-β antibody (Ab), the results show that the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a cytokine known to directly destroy tumors, in H238 tumor-bearing mice without treatment is lower than in H238 tumor-bearing mice with anti-TGF-β Ab treatment.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Suppressive Effects of Transforming Factor-β and Interleukin-10 on the Cytolytic Activity of Murine Macrophages and Reversal by Cytokines"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["James D. Kettering","Daila S. Gridley","Thomas A. Linkhart"],"dc:creator":["Lin, Chin-Hung"],"dc:description.abstract":["In this study, the suppressive effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) on peritoneal macrophage killing of H238 target cells and the potential for reversal of the immunosuppressive effect by IL-4 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were investigated. The responsiveness of naive and peptone-activated macrophages was compared. The cytolytic activity for tumor cells of these effector cells was measured by percent lysis of 3H-thymidine labeled Herpes simplex virus type 2-transformed tumor cells (H238). After 18-24 hours of incubation with TGF-β or IL-10, the cytolytic activity of macro-medium alone. The immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β or IL-10 on non-activated macrophages was dose-dependent, with as little as 1 ng/ml TGF-β or 25.0 ng/ml IL-10, suppressing the cytolytic activity. After coincubation with TGF-β (5ng/ml) and IL-4 (200ng/ml) or IFN-γ (400 unit/ml), inhibition in the killing activity of macrophages was reversed by 20-30% when compared to controls incubated with TGF-β alone. IL-4 and IFN-γ both partially reversed the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β on macrophages. When 10% proteose peptone was injected into mice to activate macrophages, the findings show that TGF-β could suppress non-activated macrophage cytotoxicity, but did not inhibit the cytotoxicity of peptone-activated cells. The killing activity of resting macrophages was significantly inhibited by 50 ng/ml of IL-10. When H238 tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-TGF-β antibody (Ab), the results show that the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a cytokine known to directly destroy tumors, in H238 tumor-bearing mice without treatment is lower than in H238 tumor-bearing mice with anti-TGF-β Ab treatment.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1494"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Animal Experimentation and Research","Immune System Diseases","Immunopathology","Immunotherapy","Laboratory and Basic Science Research","Microbiology","Oncology","Virus Diseases","Transforming Growth Factor beta; Interleukin-10; Macrophages; Cytokines; Immunosuppression"],"dc:title":["Suppressive Effects of Transforming Factor-β and Interleukin-10 on the Cytolytic Activity of Murine Macrophages and Reversal by Cytokines"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Microbiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:54:01Z"}