Background. Gap junctions are thought to have a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in embryonic development. Connexin43, the major protein of gap junctions in the heart, is targeted by several protein kinases that regulate myocardial cell-cell coupling. We hypothesized that mutations altering sites critical to this regulation would lead to functional or developmental abnormalities of the heart.
Methods. Connexin43 DNA from 25 normal subjects and 30 children with a variety of congenital heart diseases was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Mutant DNA was expressed in cell culture and examined for its effect on the regulation of cell-cell communication.
Results. The 25 normal subjects and 23 of the 30 children with heart disease had no amino acid substitutions in connexin43. All six children with syndromes that included complex heart malformations had substitutions of one or more phosphorylatable serine or threonine residues. Four of these children had two independent mutations, suggesting an autosomal recessive disorder. Five of these children had substitutions of proline for serine at position 364. A seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in connexin43. Transfected cells expressing the Ser364Pro mutant connexin43 sequence showed abnormalities in the regulation of cell-cell communication, as compared with cells expressing normal connexin43.
Conclusions. Mutations in the connexin43 gap-junction gene, which lead to abnormally regulated cell-cell communication, are associated with visceroatrial heterotaxia.
","abstract_html":"<p><strong>Background.</strong> Gap junctions are thought to have a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in embryonic development. Connexin43, the major protein of gap junctions in the heart, is targeted by several protein kinases that regulate myocardial cell-cell coupling. We hypothesized that mutations altering sites critical to this regulation would lead to functional or developmental abnormalities of the heart.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> <em>Connexin43</em> DNA from 25 normal subjects and 30 children with a variety of congenital heart diseases was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. <strong>Mutant DNA</strong> was expressed in cell culture and examined for its effect on the regulation of cell-cell communication.</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>The 25 normal subjects and 23 of the 30 children with heart disease had no amino acid substitutions in <em>connexin43</em>. All six children with syndromes that included complex heart malformations had substitutions of one or more phosphorylatable serine or threonine residues. Four of these children had two independent mutations, suggesting an autosomal recessive disorder. Five of these children had substitutions of proline for serine at position 364. A seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in connexin43. Transfected cells expressing the Ser364Pro mutant <em>connexin</em>43 sequence showed abnormalities in the regulation of cell-cell communication, as compared with cells expressing normal <em>connexin43.</em></p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. Mutations in the <em>connexin43</em> gap-junction gene, which lead to abnormally regulated cell-cell communication, are associated with visceroatrial heterotaxia.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Britz-Cunningham, Scott Henry"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Physiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["William H. Fletcher","Eric C. Beyer","David Hessinger","Lawrence Longo","John Rossi"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1998,"date_issued":"1998-12-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1998-12-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:44Z","subjects":["Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins","Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities","Genetic Phenomena","Pediatrics","Physiology","Heart Defects, Congenital; Abnormalities; Connexins; Gap Junctions; Protein Kinases."],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1449","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["William H. Fletcher","Eric C. Beyer","David Hessinger","Lawrence Longo","John Rossi"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Britz-Cunningham, Scott Henry"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins","Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities","Genetic Phenomena","Pediatrics","Physiology","Heart Defects, Congenital; Abnormalities; Connexins; Gap Junctions; Protein Kinases."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1449"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Background. Gap junctions are thought to have a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in embryonic development. Connexin43, the major protein of gap junctions in the heart, is targeted by several protein kinases that regulate myocardial cell-cell coupling. We hypothesized that mutations altering sites critical to this regulation would lead to functional or developmental abnormalities of the heart.
Methods. Connexin43 DNA from 25 normal subjects and 30 children with a variety of congenital heart diseases was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Mutant DNA was expressed in cell culture and examined for its effect on the regulation of cell-cell communication.
Results. The 25 normal subjects and 23 of the 30 children with heart disease had no amino acid substitutions in connexin43. All six children with syndromes that included complex heart malformations had substitutions of one or more phosphorylatable serine or threonine residues. Four of these children had two independent mutations, suggesting an autosomal recessive disorder. Five of these children had substitutions of proline for serine at position 364. A seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in connexin43. Transfected cells expressing the Ser364Pro mutant connexin43 sequence showed abnormalities in the regulation of cell-cell communication, as compared with cells expressing normal connexin43.
Conclusions. Mutations in the connexin43 gap-junction gene, which lead to abnormally regulated cell-cell communication, are associated with visceroatrial heterotaxia.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Role of Gap Junctions in Congenital Diseases of the Heart"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["William H. Fletcher","Eric C. Beyer","David Hessinger","Lawrence Longo","John Rossi"],"dc:creator":["Britz-Cunningham, Scott Henry"],"dc:description.abstract":["Background. Gap junctions are thought to have a crucial role in the synchronized contraction of the heart and in embryonic development. Connexin43, the major protein of gap junctions in the heart, is targeted by several protein kinases that regulate myocardial cell-cell coupling. We hypothesized that mutations altering sites critical to this regulation would lead to functional or developmental abnormalities of the heart.
Methods. Connexin43 DNA from 25 normal subjects and 30 children with a variety of congenital heart diseases was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Mutant DNA was expressed in cell culture and examined for its effect on the regulation of cell-cell communication.
Results. The 25 normal subjects and 23 of the 30 children with heart disease had no amino acid substitutions in connexin43. All six children with syndromes that included complex heart malformations had substitutions of one or more phosphorylatable serine or threonine residues. Four of these children had two independent mutations, suggesting an autosomal recessive disorder. Five of these children had substitutions of proline for serine at position 364. A seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in seventh child, with a different heart condition, also had a point mutation in connexin43. Transfected cells expressing the Ser364Pro mutant connexin43 sequence showed abnormalities in the regulation of cell-cell communication, as compared with cells expressing normal connexin43.
Conclusions. Mutations in the connexin43 gap-junction gene, which lead to abnormally regulated cell-cell communication, are associated with visceroatrial heterotaxia.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1449"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins","Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities","Genetic Phenomena","Pediatrics","Physiology","Heart Defects, Congenital; Abnormalities; Connexins; Gap Junctions; Protein Kinases."],"dc:title":["The Role of Gap Junctions in Congenital Diseases of the Heart"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:44Z"}