The cluster determinant 4 (CD4) molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein. CD4 is essential for normal T helper cell function and plays an important role in T cell development and activation. CD4 is encoded by a single gene located on chromosome 6 in the mouse and chromosome 12 in the human. Both human and murine CD4 genes are divided into ten exons spanning more than 25 kb and have a large non-coding region in the first and third intron. CD4 gene expression is controlled primarily at the transcriptional level during T cell development and activation.
An enhancer has been identified approximately 13 kb 5' of the transcriptional start site of the murine CD4 gene. A comparison of the DNA regions around and within the mouse CD4 enhancer with that of the human CD4 enhancer region reveals 11 regions of homology. There is also a DNase I hypersensitive (DH) site located immediately upstream of the 5' enhancer. These data suggest that the enhancer may be a part of a larger control element of deletions (3' and 5' direction) covering a 1158 bp region containing the enhancer and the 5' DH site were engineered using the Bal 31 deletion method and then analyzed using the transient transfection, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay. Two novel cis-acting elements with silencer function were discovered by Bal 31 deletions. Their silencer functions were further confirmed by subcloning them at different positions and different orientations relative to CD4 promoter. These subcloned constructs were tested for function in transient transfection and CAT assays. Furthermore these two cis-acting elements were also analyzed with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay for their ability to bind cell-specific nuclear proteins. In addition, the potential binding sites for transcriptional factors within these novel cis-acting elements were identified by the DNase I footprinting technique.
","abstract_html":"<p>The cluster determinant 4 (CD4) molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein. CD4 is essential for normal T helper cell function and plays an important role in T cell development and activation. CD4 is encoded by a single gene located on chromosome 6 in the mouse and chromosome 12 in the human. Both human and murine CD4 genes are divided into ten exons spanning more than 25 kb and have a large non-coding region in the first and third intron. CD4 gene expression is controlled primarily at the transcriptional level during T cell development and activation.</p> <p>An enhancer has been identified approximately 13 kb 5' of the transcriptional start site of the murine CD4 gene. A comparison of the DNA regions around and within the mouse CD4 enhancer with that of the human CD4 enhancer region reveals 11 regions of homology. There is also a DNase I hypersensitive (DH) site located immediately upstream of the 5' enhancer. These data suggest that the enhancer may be a part of a larger control element of deletions (3' and 5' direction) covering a 1158 bp region containing the enhancer and the 5' DH site were engineered using the Bal 31 deletion method and then analyzed using the transient transfection, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay. Two novel <em>cis</em>-acting elements with silencer function were discovered by Bal 31 deletions. Their silencer functions were further confirmed by subcloning them at different positions and different orientations relative to CD4 promoter. These subcloned constructs were tested for function in transient transfection and CAT assays. Furthermore these two <em>cis</em>-acting elements were also analyzed with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay for their ability to bind cell-specific nuclear proteins. In addition, the potential binding sites for transcriptional factors within these novel <em>cis</em>-acting elements were identified by the DNase I footprinting technique.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Dong, Xin"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Biochemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["R. Bruce Wilcox","Istvan Fodor","William H. R. Langridge","Thomas Linkhart","Aladar A. Szalay"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2000,"date_issued":"2000-09-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2000-09-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:44Z","subjects":["Biochemistry","Genetic Structures","Laboratory and Basic Science Research","Antigens, CD4; Antigens -- immunology; Glycoproteins; Reverse Transcriptions"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1412","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["R. Bruce Wilcox","Istvan Fodor","William H. R. Langridge","Thomas Linkhart","Aladar A. Szalay"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Dong, Xin"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biochemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biochemistry","Genetic Structures","Laboratory and Basic Science Research","Antigens, CD4; Antigens -- immunology; Glycoproteins; Reverse Transcriptions"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1412"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The cluster determinant 4 (CD4) molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein. CD4 is essential for normal T helper cell function and plays an important role in T cell development and activation. CD4 is encoded by a single gene located on chromosome 6 in the mouse and chromosome 12 in the human. Both human and murine CD4 genes are divided into ten exons spanning more than 25 kb and have a large non-coding region in the first and third intron. CD4 gene expression is controlled primarily at the transcriptional level during T cell development and activation.
An enhancer has been identified approximately 13 kb 5' of the transcriptional start site of the murine CD4 gene. A comparison of the DNA regions around and within the mouse CD4 enhancer with that of the human CD4 enhancer region reveals 11 regions of homology. There is also a DNase I hypersensitive (DH) site located immediately upstream of the 5' enhancer. These data suggest that the enhancer may be a part of a larger control element of deletions (3' and 5' direction) covering a 1158 bp region containing the enhancer and the 5' DH site were engineered using the Bal 31 deletion method and then analyzed using the transient transfection, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay. Two novel cis-acting elements with silencer function were discovered by Bal 31 deletions. Their silencer functions were further confirmed by subcloning them at different positions and different orientations relative to CD4 promoter. These subcloned constructs were tested for function in transient transfection and CAT assays. Furthermore these two cis-acting elements were also analyzed with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay for their ability to bind cell-specific nuclear proteins. In addition, the potential binding sites for transcriptional factors within these novel cis-acting elements were identified by the DNase I footprinting technique.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Identification and Characterization of the Cis-acting Elements Around the Murine cd4 Cnhancer"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["R. Bruce Wilcox","Istvan Fodor","William H. R. Langridge","Thomas Linkhart","Aladar A. Szalay"],"dc:creator":["Dong, Xin"],"dc:description.abstract":["The cluster determinant 4 (CD4) molecule is a transmembrane glycoprotein. CD4 is essential for normal T helper cell function and plays an important role in T cell development and activation. CD4 is encoded by a single gene located on chromosome 6 in the mouse and chromosome 12 in the human. Both human and murine CD4 genes are divided into ten exons spanning more than 25 kb and have a large non-coding region in the first and third intron. CD4 gene expression is controlled primarily at the transcriptional level during T cell development and activation.
An enhancer has been identified approximately 13 kb 5' of the transcriptional start site of the murine CD4 gene. A comparison of the DNA regions around and within the mouse CD4 enhancer with that of the human CD4 enhancer region reveals 11 regions of homology. There is also a DNase I hypersensitive (DH) site located immediately upstream of the 5' enhancer. These data suggest that the enhancer may be a part of a larger control element of deletions (3' and 5' direction) covering a 1158 bp region containing the enhancer and the 5' DH site were engineered using the Bal 31 deletion method and then analyzed using the transient transfection, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay. Two novel cis-acting elements with silencer function were discovered by Bal 31 deletions. Their silencer functions were further confirmed by subcloning them at different positions and different orientations relative to CD4 promoter. These subcloned constructs were tested for function in transient transfection and CAT assays. Furthermore these two cis-acting elements were also analyzed with the electrophoretic mobility shift assay for their ability to bind cell-specific nuclear proteins. In addition, the potential binding sites for transcriptional factors within these novel cis-acting elements were identified by the DNase I footprinting technique.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/1412"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Biochemistry","Genetic Structures","Laboratory and Basic Science Research","Antigens, CD4; Antigens -- immunology; Glycoproteins; Reverse Transcriptions"],"dc:title":["Identification and Characterization of the Cis-acting Elements Around the Murine cd4 Cnhancer"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biochemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (Medical Science)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:44Z"}