This is a two year of follow up study of Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). We assessed the association between physical activity, nutrient intake and risk of hip fracture among peri- and post menopausal Caucasian women using unconditional logistic regression models. All subjects completed a lifestyle questionnaire which including information of physical activity and frequency and portion size of food intake at enrollment into the study (2002-2007). The “Bi-Annual Hospitalization History” questionnaire which included a question about hip fractures due to minor trauma/falls was sent to subjects approximately two years after enrollment, with a response rat of 82.84%. In this cohort, a total of 151 new cases of hip fracture occurred among 25,398 peri- and post- menopausal women aged 45 or older during the 55, 313 person years of follow-up period giving an incidence rate of 273 per 100,000 person-years and 282 per 100,000 person years after direct age-adjustment (using the US 2000 female white population). There was a dose response inverse relationship between level of regular walking, running and jogging and hip fracture with 64% reduction of risk for those who reported walking more than 5 miles per week compared to those with less than 2.5 miles per week or no regular exercise. The risk of hip fracture was inversely associated with dairy food intake [OR = 0.86 (95% Cl: 0.39, 1.90) and OR = 0.70 (95% Cl: 0.35, 1.41), respectively, for intake of 2-/wk and 7+times/wk vs./wk]. Similarly, those in the highest tertile of dairy source protein (10.47+ g/day), experienced a clear lowering in hip fracture risk compared to those in the lowest tertile (< 4.31 g/day) of dairy source protein (OR=0.39 (95% Cl: 0.16, 0.98). Dairy protein showed an independent protective effect on hip fracture after adjusting for total protein and dietary calcium. In summary, our findings suggest that a regular walking program of at least 5 miles per week and dairy protein consumption lower the risk the hip fracture in this study population.
","abstract_html":"<p>This is a two year of follow up study of Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). We assessed the association between physical activity, nutrient intake and risk of hip fracture among peri- and post menopausal Caucasian women using unconditional logistic regression models. All subjects completed a lifestyle questionnaire which including information of physical activity and frequency and portion size of food intake at enrollment into the study (2002-2007). The “Bi-Annual Hospitalization History” questionnaire which included a question about hip fractures due to minor trauma/falls was sent to subjects approximately two years after enrollment, with a response rat of 82.84%. In this cohort, a total of 151 new cases of hip fracture occurred among 25,398 peri- and post- menopausal women aged 45 or older during the 55, 313 person years of follow-up period giving an incidence rate of 273 per 100,000 person-years and 282 per 100,000 person years after direct age-adjustment (using the US 2000 female white population). There was a dose response inverse relationship between level of regular walking, running and jogging and hip fracture with 64% reduction of risk for those who reported walking more than 5 miles per week compared to those with less than 2.5 miles per week or no regular exercise. The risk of hip fracture was inversely associated with dairy food intake [OR = 0.86 (95% Cl: 0.39, 1.90) and OR = 0.70 (95% Cl: 0.35, 1.41), respectively, for intake of 2-/wk and 7+times/wk vs./wk]. Similarly, those in the highest tertile of dairy source protein (10.47+ g/day), experienced a clear lowering in hip fracture risk compared to those in the lowest tertile (< 4.31 g/day) of dairy source protein (OR=0.39 (95% Cl: 0.16, 0.98). Dairy protein showed an independent protective effect on hip fracture after adjusting for total protein and dietary calcium. In summary, our findings suggest that a regular walking program of at least 5 miles per week and dairy protein consumption lower the risk the hip fracture in this study population.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Liao, Wen-Ling"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Public Health (DrPH)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Synnove Knutsen","W. Lawrence Beeson","Donna Gregory Thorpe"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:37Z","subjects":["Clinical Trials","Epidemiology","Human and Clinical Nutrition","Hip Fractures -- diagnosis; Hip Fractures -- epidemiology; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- physiopathology; Bone Density; Body Mass Index; Nutritional Support; Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage; Health Behavior; Physical Fitness; Vegetarianism -- Religious aspects -- Seventh-day Adventists; Nutrition -- Religious aspects -- Seventh-day Adventists; Caucasian Race; Prospective Studies."],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/900","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Synnove Knutsen","W. 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The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/900"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This is a two year of follow up study of Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). We assessed the association between physical activity, nutrient intake and risk of hip fracture among peri- and post menopausal Caucasian women using unconditional logistic regression models. All subjects completed a lifestyle questionnaire which including information of physical activity and frequency and portion size of food intake at enrollment into the study (2002-2007). The “Bi-Annual Hospitalization History” questionnaire which included a question about hip fractures due to minor trauma/falls was sent to subjects approximately two years after enrollment, with a response rat of 82.84%. In this cohort, a total of 151 new cases of hip fracture occurred among 25,398 peri- and post- menopausal women aged 45 or older during the 55, 313 person years of follow-up period giving an incidence rate of 273 per 100,000 person-years and 282 per 100,000 person years after direct age-adjustment (using the US 2000 female white population). There was a dose response inverse relationship between level of regular walking, running and jogging and hip fracture with 64% reduction of risk for those who reported walking more than 5 miles per week compared to those with less than 2.5 miles per week or no regular exercise. The risk of hip fracture was inversely associated with dairy food intake [OR = 0.86 (95% Cl: 0.39, 1.90) and OR = 0.70 (95% Cl: 0.35, 1.41), respectively, for intake of 2-/wk and 7+times/wk vs./wk]. Similarly, those in the highest tertile of dairy source protein (10.47+ g/day), experienced a clear lowering in hip fracture risk compared to those in the lowest tertile (< 4.31 g/day) of dairy source protein (OR=0.39 (95% Cl: 0.16, 0.98). Dairy protein showed an independent protective effect on hip fracture after adjusting for total protein and dietary calcium. In summary, our findings suggest that a regular walking program of at least 5 miles per week and dairy protein consumption lower the risk the hip fracture in this study population.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Physical Activity and Nutrient Intake on the Risk of Hip Fracture : Results From The Adventist Health Study-2"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Synnove Knutsen","W. Lawrence Beeson","Donna Gregory Thorpe"],"dc:creator":["Liao, Wen-Ling"],"dc:description.abstract":["This is a two year of follow up study of Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2). We assessed the association between physical activity, nutrient intake and risk of hip fracture among peri- and post menopausal Caucasian women using unconditional logistic regression models. All subjects completed a lifestyle questionnaire which including information of physical activity and frequency and portion size of food intake at enrollment into the study (2002-2007). The “Bi-Annual Hospitalization History” questionnaire which included a question about hip fractures due to minor trauma/falls was sent to subjects approximately two years after enrollment, with a response rat of 82.84%. In this cohort, a total of 151 new cases of hip fracture occurred among 25,398 peri- and post- menopausal women aged 45 or older during the 55, 313 person years of follow-up period giving an incidence rate of 273 per 100,000 person-years and 282 per 100,000 person years after direct age-adjustment (using the US 2000 female white population). There was a dose response inverse relationship between level of regular walking, running and jogging and hip fracture with 64% reduction of risk for those who reported walking more than 5 miles per week compared to those with less than 2.5 miles per week or no regular exercise. The risk of hip fracture was inversely associated with dairy food intake [OR = 0.86 (95% Cl: 0.39, 1.90) and OR = 0.70 (95% Cl: 0.35, 1.41), respectively, for intake of 2-/wk and 7+times/wk vs./wk]. Similarly, those in the highest tertile of dairy source protein (10.47+ g/day), experienced a clear lowering in hip fracture risk compared to those in the lowest tertile (< 4.31 g/day) of dairy source protein (OR=0.39 (95% Cl: 0.16, 0.98). Dairy protein showed an independent protective effect on hip fracture after adjusting for total protein and dietary calcium. In summary, our findings suggest that a regular walking program of at least 5 miles per week and dairy protein consumption lower the risk the hip fracture in this study population.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/900"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Clinical Trials","Epidemiology","Human and Clinical Nutrition","Hip Fractures -- diagnosis; Hip Fractures -- epidemiology; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- physiopathology; Bone Density; Body Mass Index; Nutritional Support; Dietary Proteins -- administration & dosage; Health Behavior; Physical Fitness; Vegetarianism -- Religious aspects -- Seventh-day Adventists; Nutrition -- Religious aspects -- Seventh-day Adventists; Caucasian Race; Prospective Studies."],"dc:title":["The Effects of Physical Activity and Nutrient Intake on the Risk of Hip Fracture : Results From The Adventist Health Study-2"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Public Health (DrPH)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:37Z"}