The ability to predict long-term intellectual and neuropsychological outcome (1-7 years post-injury) in children (ages 1 week - 14 years at injury) with a history of closed head injury were investigated. Clinical indicators of injury severity including EEG reading and age at injury as well as ’H-MRS variables of NAA/Ch, Ch/Cr, and lactate presence accurately classified 100% of children as functioning either within or above the average range or below the average range for most outcome measures. Combined clinical and H-MRS variables accounted for approximately 50% of the variance in outcome confirming the validity of their predictive use and also the importance of further studies to examine other factors related to recovery. Exploratory analysis for predictive effects of injury etiology was partially supported. Analysis of duration of time since injury and exploratory analysis of focal effects regarding specific areas of functioning were not supported. Implications of the outcome findings as well as suggestions for future research are provided.
","abstract_html":"<p>The ability to predict long-term intellectual and neuropsychological outcome (1-7 years post-injury) in children (ages 1 week - 14 years at injury) with a history of closed head injury were investigated. Clinical indicators of injury severity including EEG reading and age at injury as well as ’H-MRS variables of NAA/Ch, Ch/Cr, and lactate presence accurately classified 100% of children as functioning either within or above the average range or below the average range for most outcome measures. Combined clinical and H-MRS variables accounted for approximately 50% of the variance in outcome confirming the validity of their predictive use and also the importance of further studies to examine other factors related to recovery. Exploratory analysis for predictive effects of injury etiology was partially supported. Analysis of duration of time since injury and exploratory analysis of focal effects regarding specific areas of functioning were not supported. Implications of the outcome findings as well as suggestions for future research are provided.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Brenner, Tamara Sue"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kiti Freier","Stephen Ashwal","Todd Burley","Barbara Holshouser","Janet Sonne"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2001,"date_issued":"2001-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2001-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:31Z","subjects":["Neurology","Psychiatry and Psychology","Head Injuries, Closed -- complications; Craniocerebral Trauma -- in infancy and childhood; Intelligence; Psychomotor Performance -- etiology."],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/904","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kiti Freier","Stephen Ashwal","Todd Burley","Barbara Holshouser","Janet Sonne"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Brenner, Tamara Sue"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Neurology","Psychiatry and Psychology","Head Injuries, Closed -- complications; Craniocerebral Trauma -- in infancy and childhood; Intelligence; Psychomotor Performance -- etiology."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/904"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The ability to predict long-term intellectual and neuropsychological outcome (1-7 years post-injury) in children (ages 1 week - 14 years at injury) with a history of closed head injury were investigated. Clinical indicators of injury severity including EEG reading and age at injury as well as ’H-MRS variables of NAA/Ch, Ch/Cr, and lactate presence accurately classified 100% of children as functioning either within or above the average range or below the average range for most outcome measures. Combined clinical and H-MRS variables accounted for approximately 50% of the variance in outcome confirming the validity of their predictive use and also the importance of further studies to examine other factors related to recovery. Exploratory analysis for predictive effects of injury etiology was partially supported. Analysis of duration of time since injury and exploratory analysis of focal effects regarding specific areas of functioning were not supported. Implications of the outcome findings as well as suggestions for future research are provided.
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"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/904"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Neurology","Psychiatry and Psychology","Head Injuries, Closed -- complications; Craniocerebral Trauma -- in infancy and childhood; Intelligence; Psychomotor Performance -- etiology."],"dc:title":["Prediction of Long-Term Intellectual and Neuropsychological Effects of Closed Head Injury in Infants and Children"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:31Z"}