Pneumonia ranks first in health problems demanding attention, and second in the cause of mortality for children under five years old in Peru (Toledo, & Minaya, 1999). Studies about behavioral determinants that influence mothers to seek medical help for their child with signs of pneumonia do not focus on the contribution of the behavioral determinants to intention of seeking medical help.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and a cross-sectional design, the objectives of this study were to know first, Peruvian mothers' perceptions about knowledge and recognition of pneumonia, and about the government pneumonia campaign (GPC). Second, mothers' attitudes, norms, and control perceptions that influence intention of seeking medical help. 501 mothers were selected randomly from the Asentamientos Humanos (AH) of Lima and were interviewed in June and July 2000. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and a linear regression model. Path analysis was used to identify predictors of intention.
Most mothers believed that pneumonia was dangerous. 58.7% indicated that pneumonia was caused by lack of parental care. Only 28.9% believed that a virus causes pneumonia. More than 80% correctly picked rapid breathing and/or chest retraction from a list of possible signs and symptoms aimed to recognize pneumonia, and 94.6% said they were ready to take their child to the closest health center if they thought their child had pneumonia. Although 57.1% said they had heard about the GPC, only 61 mothers were capable of recalling the motto in some way.
Mothers' response to intention items show that they definitely intend to take their children to the closest health center. Although 37.4% would feel nervous 30% would feel calm. 54% tend to feel very much pressured to seeking medical help by important referents. They feel self-confident; however, they do not have enough money.
Of the mothers interviewed 16.4% were not aware of pneumonia and its possible consequences. Most of them said they could recognize pneumonia through the signs promoted by the GPC. Subjective norm was the best predictor of intention.
These results suggest that the GPC should highlight social pressure to encourage mothers to seek medical help.
","abstract_html":"<p>Pneumonia ranks first in health problems demanding attention, and second in the cause of mortality for children under five years old in Peru (Toledo, & Minaya, 1999). Studies about behavioral determinants that influence mothers to seek medical help for their child with signs of pneumonia do not focus on the contribution of the behavioral determinants to intention of seeking medical help.</p> <p>Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and a cross-sectional design, the objectives of this study were to know first, Peruvian mothers' perceptions about knowledge and recognition of pneumonia, and about the government pneumonia campaign (GPC). Second, mothers' attitudes, norms, and control perceptions that influence intention of seeking medical help. 501 mothers were selected randomly from the Asentamientos Humanos (AH) of Lima and were interviewed in June and July 2000. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and a linear regression model. Path analysis was used to identify predictors of intention.</p> <p>Most mothers believed that pneumonia was dangerous. 58.7% indicated that pneumonia was caused by lack of parental care. Only 28.9% believed that a virus causes pneumonia. More than 80% correctly picked rapid breathing and/or chest retraction from a list of possible signs and symptoms aimed to recognize pneumonia, and 94.6% said they were ready to take their child to the closest health center if they thought their child had pneumonia. Although 57.1% said they had heard about the GPC, only 61 mothers were capable of recalling the motto in some way.</p> <p>Mothers' response to intention items show that they definitely intend to take their children to the closest health center. Although 37.4% would feel nervous 30% would feel calm. 54% tend to feel very much pressured to seeking medical help by important referents. They feel self-confident; however, they do not have enough money.</p> <p>Of the mothers interviewed 16.4% were not aware of pneumonia and its possible consequences. Most of them said they could recognize pneumonia through the signs promoted by the GPC. Subjective norm was the best predictor of intention.</p> <p>These results suggest that the GPC should highlight social pressure to encourage mothers to seek medical help.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gálvez, César Augusto"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Public Health (DrPH)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Naomi Modeste","Hector Betancourt","Jerry W. Lee","Robert Wilkins"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2001,"date_issued":"2001-04-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2001-04-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:31Z","subjects":["Epidemiology","Public Health Education and Promotion","Pneumonia -- diagnosis; Pneumonia -- epidemiology -- Peru; Health Behavior -- Peru; Attitude to Health -- Peru."],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/788","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Naomi Modeste","Hector Betancourt","Jerry W. 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The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/788"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Pneumonia ranks first in health problems demanding attention, and second in the cause of mortality for children under five years old in Peru (Toledo, & Minaya, 1999). Studies about behavioral determinants that influence mothers to seek medical help for their child with signs of pneumonia do not focus on the contribution of the behavioral determinants to intention of seeking medical help.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and a cross-sectional design, the objectives of this study were to know first, Peruvian mothers' perceptions about knowledge and recognition of pneumonia, and about the government pneumonia campaign (GPC). Second, mothers' attitudes, norms, and control perceptions that influence intention of seeking medical help. 501 mothers were selected randomly from the Asentamientos Humanos (AH) of Lima and were interviewed in June and July 2000. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and a linear regression model. Path analysis was used to identify predictors of intention.
Most mothers believed that pneumonia was dangerous. 58.7% indicated that pneumonia was caused by lack of parental care. Only 28.9% believed that a virus causes pneumonia. More than 80% correctly picked rapid breathing and/or chest retraction from a list of possible signs and symptoms aimed to recognize pneumonia, and 94.6% said they were ready to take their child to the closest health center if they thought their child had pneumonia. Although 57.1% said they had heard about the GPC, only 61 mothers were capable of recalling the motto in some way.
Mothers' response to intention items show that they definitely intend to take their children to the closest health center. Although 37.4% would feel nervous 30% would feel calm. 54% tend to feel very much pressured to seeking medical help by important referents. They feel self-confident; however, they do not have enough money.
Of the mothers interviewed 16.4% were not aware of pneumonia and its possible consequences. Most of them said they could recognize pneumonia through the signs promoted by the GPC. Subjective norm was the best predictor of intention.
These results suggest that the GPC should highlight social pressure to encourage mothers to seek medical help.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["How Peruvian Mothers Appraise Pneumonia and the Predictors of their Intention to seek Medical Care when their Children have Signs of Pneumonia"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Naomi Modeste","Hector Betancourt","Jerry W. Lee","Robert Wilkins"],"dc:creator":["Gálvez, César Augusto"],"dc:description.abstract":["Pneumonia ranks first in health problems demanding attention, and second in the cause of mortality for children under five years old in Peru (Toledo, & Minaya, 1999). Studies about behavioral determinants that influence mothers to seek medical help for their child with signs of pneumonia do not focus on the contribution of the behavioral determinants to intention of seeking medical help.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and a cross-sectional design, the objectives of this study were to know first, Peruvian mothers' perceptions about knowledge and recognition of pneumonia, and about the government pneumonia campaign (GPC). Second, mothers' attitudes, norms, and control perceptions that influence intention of seeking medical help. 501 mothers were selected randomly from the Asentamientos Humanos (AH) of Lima and were interviewed in June and July 2000. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and a linear regression model. Path analysis was used to identify predictors of intention.
Most mothers believed that pneumonia was dangerous. 58.7% indicated that pneumonia was caused by lack of parental care. Only 28.9% believed that a virus causes pneumonia. More than 80% correctly picked rapid breathing and/or chest retraction from a list of possible signs and symptoms aimed to recognize pneumonia, and 94.6% said they were ready to take their child to the closest health center if they thought their child had pneumonia. Although 57.1% said they had heard about the GPC, only 61 mothers were capable of recalling the motto in some way.
Mothers' response to intention items show that they definitely intend to take their children to the closest health center. Although 37.4% would feel nervous 30% would feel calm. 54% tend to feel very much pressured to seeking medical help by important referents. They feel self-confident; however, they do not have enough money.
Of the mothers interviewed 16.4% were not aware of pneumonia and its possible consequences. Most of them said they could recognize pneumonia through the signs promoted by the GPC. Subjective norm was the best predictor of intention.
These results suggest that the GPC should highlight social pressure to encourage mothers to seek medical help.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/788"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Epidemiology","Public Health Education and Promotion","Pneumonia -- diagnosis; Pneumonia -- epidemiology -- Peru; Health Behavior -- Peru; Attitude to Health -- Peru."],"dc:title":["How Peruvian Mothers Appraise Pneumonia and the Predictors of their Intention to seek Medical Care when their Children have Signs of Pneumonia"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Public Health (DrPH)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:31Z"}