In this study the antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic, immune enhancing, antitumor and antifungal effects of a crude extract and organosulfur compounds of garlic were determined. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), and ajoene each at 100 /xg/ml, and garlic extract (GE, 12.5 mg/ml) inhibited rat liver 9000 X g supernatant (S- 9) dependent mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 induced by either aflatoxin B1 (AFB^ or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The garlic compounds were shown to inhibit the binding of [3H]AFB1 to calf thymus DNA and the formation of specific AFB1-DNA adducts. These effects on mutagenesis and DNA binding correlated with an inhibition of the metabolism of [3H]AFB1. Ajoene and DAS did not effect glutathione-S-transferase, an enzyme important to the conjugation of compounds to glutathione.
GE was tested for its effects on immune function in a murine model by injecting C3H/He mice with Candida albicans. GE appeared to control C. albicans as exhibited in blood and kidney cultures. Peritoneal exudate cells obtained for chemiluminescent assays from garlic-treated mice exhibited an increased oxidative burst.
The cytotoxic effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS, 5-200 /xg/ml), DAS (200 /ig/ml), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, 5-400 /xg/ml) and allyl methyl sulfide (AMS, 5-400 /xg/ml), were determined with in vitro cultures of MBT-2, R3327, HL-60 and K562 tumor cells. DADS exhibited toxicity against all the tumor cell lines tested. DMDS was cytotoxic to K562 tumor cells and AMS was cytotoxic to MBT-2 cells.
The effects of DADS, DAS, DMDS and AMS on the in vitro growth of C. albicans were investigated. Inhibitory concentrations mg/ml of DAS, DMDS, AMS and DADS were in the range of 0.625 - 1.250, 5 - 20, 10 - 20 and 156-625 /ig/ml respectively.
The results of this study suggest that garlic compounds inhibited rat liver S-9 mediated AFB, metabolite binding to calf thymus DNA, AFBrDNA adduct formation and AFBrinduced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA100 by inhibition of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity. Garlic compounds exhibited antifungal activity and enhanced phagocytic activity. In addition, garlic compounds were cytotoxic to several tumor cell lines.
","abstract_html":"<p>In this study the antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic, immune enhancing, antitumor and antifungal effects of a crude extract and organosulfur compounds of garlic were determined. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), and ajoene each at 100 /xg/ml, and garlic extract (GE, 12.5 mg/ml) inhibited rat liver 9000 X g supernatant (S- 9) dependent mutagenesis in <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em> TA100 induced by either aflatoxin B1 (AFB^ or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The garlic compounds were shown to inhibit the binding of [<sup>3</sup>H]AFB<sub>1</sub> to calf thymus DNA and the formation of specific AFB<sub>1-</sub>DNA adducts. These effects on mutagenesis and DNA binding correlated with an inhibition of the metabolism of [<sup>3</sup>H]AFB<sub>1.</sub> Ajoene and DAS did not effect glutathione-S-transferase, an enzyme important to the conjugation of compounds to glutathione.</p> <p>GE was tested for its effects on immune function in a murine model by injecting C3H/He mice with <em>Candida albicans.</em> GE appeared to control <em>C. albicans</em> as exhibited in blood and kidney cultures. Peritoneal exudate cells obtained for chemiluminescent assays from garlic-treated mice exhibited an increased oxidative burst.</p> <p>The cytotoxic effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS, 5-200 /xg/ml), DAS (200 /ig/ml), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, 5-400 /xg/ml) and allyl methyl sulfide (AMS, 5-400 /xg/ml), were determined with in vitro cultures of MBT-2, R3327, HL-60 and K562 tumor cells. DADS exhibited toxicity against all the tumor cell lines tested. DMDS was cytotoxic to K562 tumor cells and AMS was cytotoxic to MBT-2 cells.</p> <p>The effects of DADS, DAS, DMDS and AMS on the <em>in vitro</em> growth of C. albicans were investigated. Inhibitory concentrations mg/ml of DAS, DMDS, AMS and DADS were in the range of 0.625 - 1.250, 5 - 20, 10 - 20 and 156-625 /ig/ml respectively.</p> <p>The results of this study suggest that garlic compounds inhibited rat liver S-9 mediated AFB, metabolite binding to calf thymus DNA, AFBrDNA adduct formation and AFBrinduced mutagenesis in <em>S. typhimurium</em> TA100 by inhibition of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity. Garlic compounds exhibited antifungal activity and enhanced phagocytic activity. In addition, garlic compounds were cytotoxic to several tumor cell lines.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Tadi, Padma P."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Benjamin H. S. Lau","Leonard R. Brand","Robert W. Teel","Clifford E. Herrmann","James D. Kettering","Elwood McCluskey"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1991,"date_issued":"1991-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1991-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:20Z","subjects":["Biology","Food Microbiology","Garlic -- analysis"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/918","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Benjamin H. S. Lau","Leonard R. Brand","Robert W. Teel","Clifford E. Herrmann","James D. 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The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/918"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In this study the antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic, immune enhancing, antitumor and antifungal effects of a crude extract and organosulfur compounds of garlic were determined. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), and ajoene each at 100 /xg/ml, and garlic extract (GE, 12.5 mg/ml) inhibited rat liver 9000 X g supernatant (S- 9) dependent mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 induced by either aflatoxin B1 (AFB^ or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The garlic compounds were shown to inhibit the binding of [3H]AFB1 to calf thymus DNA and the formation of specific AFB1-DNA adducts. These effects on mutagenesis and DNA binding correlated with an inhibition of the metabolism of [3H]AFB1. Ajoene and DAS did not effect glutathione-S-transferase, an enzyme important to the conjugation of compounds to glutathione.
GE was tested for its effects on immune function in a murine model by injecting C3H/He mice with Candida albicans. GE appeared to control C. albicans as exhibited in blood and kidney cultures. Peritoneal exudate cells obtained for chemiluminescent assays from garlic-treated mice exhibited an increased oxidative burst.
The cytotoxic effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS, 5-200 /xg/ml), DAS (200 /ig/ml), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, 5-400 /xg/ml) and allyl methyl sulfide (AMS, 5-400 /xg/ml), were determined with in vitro cultures of MBT-2, R3327, HL-60 and K562 tumor cells. DADS exhibited toxicity against all the tumor cell lines tested. DMDS was cytotoxic to K562 tumor cells and AMS was cytotoxic to MBT-2 cells.
The effects of DADS, DAS, DMDS and AMS on the in vitro growth of C. albicans were investigated. Inhibitory concentrations mg/ml of DAS, DMDS, AMS and DADS were in the range of 0.625 - 1.250, 5 - 20, 10 - 20 and 156-625 /ig/ml respectively.
The results of this study suggest that garlic compounds inhibited rat liver S-9 mediated AFB, metabolite binding to calf thymus DNA, AFBrDNA adduct formation and AFBrinduced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA100 by inhibition of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity. Garlic compounds exhibited antifungal activity and enhanced phagocytic activity. In addition, garlic compounds were cytotoxic to several tumor cell lines.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Anticarcinogenic, Antitumor, and Antifungal Properties of Allium Sativum (Garlic)"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Benjamin H. S. Lau","Leonard R. Brand","Robert W. Teel","Clifford E. Herrmann","James D. Kettering","Elwood McCluskey"],"dc:creator":["Tadi, Padma P."],"dc:description.abstract":["In this study the antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic, immune enhancing, antitumor and antifungal effects of a crude extract and organosulfur compounds of garlic were determined. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), and ajoene each at 100 /xg/ml, and garlic extract (GE, 12.5 mg/ml) inhibited rat liver 9000 X g supernatant (S- 9) dependent mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 induced by either aflatoxin B1 (AFB^ or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). The garlic compounds were shown to inhibit the binding of [3H]AFB1 to calf thymus DNA and the formation of specific AFB1-DNA adducts. These effects on mutagenesis and DNA binding correlated with an inhibition of the metabolism of [3H]AFB1. Ajoene and DAS did not effect glutathione-S-transferase, an enzyme important to the conjugation of compounds to glutathione.
GE was tested for its effects on immune function in a murine model by injecting C3H/He mice with Candida albicans. GE appeared to control C. albicans as exhibited in blood and kidney cultures. Peritoneal exudate cells obtained for chemiluminescent assays from garlic-treated mice exhibited an increased oxidative burst.
The cytotoxic effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS, 5-200 /xg/ml), DAS (200 /ig/ml), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS, 5-400 /xg/ml) and allyl methyl sulfide (AMS, 5-400 /xg/ml), were determined with in vitro cultures of MBT-2, R3327, HL-60 and K562 tumor cells. DADS exhibited toxicity against all the tumor cell lines tested. DMDS was cytotoxic to K562 tumor cells and AMS was cytotoxic to MBT-2 cells.
The effects of DADS, DAS, DMDS and AMS on the in vitro growth of C. albicans were investigated. Inhibitory concentrations mg/ml of DAS, DMDS, AMS and DADS were in the range of 0.625 - 1.250, 5 - 20, 10 - 20 and 156-625 /ig/ml respectively.
The results of this study suggest that garlic compounds inhibited rat liver S-9 mediated AFB, metabolite binding to calf thymus DNA, AFBrDNA adduct formation and AFBrinduced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA100 by inhibition of microsomal mixed-function oxidase activity. Garlic compounds exhibited antifungal activity and enhanced phagocytic activity. In addition, garlic compounds were cytotoxic to several tumor cell lines.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/918"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Biology","Food Microbiology","Garlic -- analysis"],"dc:title":["Anticarcinogenic, Antitumor, and Antifungal Properties of Allium Sativum (Garlic)"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:20Z"}