Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis W83
Porphyromonas gingivalisis one of the most important bacterial etiological agents involved in adult periodontitis. It possesses several virulence factors which aid in its persistence in the periodontal pocket leading to the development of some systemic illnesses. As an anaerobe, P. gingivalismust employ mechanisms to avoid oxidative stress generated by reactive oxygen species during phagocytosis, or the occasional exposure to air. Presently, only three proteins with antioxidant enzymatic function have been identified as playing a role in oxidative stress resistance in P. gingivalis. In this study, attention was focused on the alkyl hydroperoxidase subunit C (ahpC)and bacterioferritin comigratory protein (bcp) genes, DNA repair mechanisms and the unique hemin layer of P. gingivalis. We tested the physiological function of the isogenic ahpC and bcpmutants to hydrogen peroxide. When compared to the wild-type P. gingivalis W83, both the ahpC and bcpisogenic mutants, designated FLL141 and FLL301 respectively, demonstrated a greater sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide. However when tested in an animal model of virulence, the virulence potential of these mutants was similar when compared to the wild-type. These data suggest an involvement of these genes in oxidative stress protection but not in virulence. Further, recent reports indicated that the hemin layer was involved in protecting P. gingivalisfrom hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, the hypothesis that a non-pigmented strain of P. gingivalis, FLL92, would be more sensitive to oxidative stress than the wild-type P. gingivalisW83 was investigated. Interestingly, when compared to the parent strain, FLL92 was more resistant to hydrogen peroxide. As a result, the hypothesis that P. gingivalis FLL92 would incur more DNA damage than the wild-type was investigated. Data from these experiments demonstrated an increase in the oxidative DNA lesion 8-oxoguanine and its related enzymatic removal activity in P. gingivalis FLL92 in comparison with the parent strain. Additionally, a novel removal activity for 8-oxoguanine from duplex DNA was identified in P. gingivalis when compared to other oral anaerobes. Collectively, these data suggest that P. gingivalis W83 may utilize antioxidant enzymatic activity, the hemin layer and DNA repair enzymes as part of an intricate defense mechanism against oxidative stress.
Microbiology, Porphyromonas gingivalis -- enzymology; Porphyromonas gingivalis -- genetics; Porphyromonas gingivalis -- pathogenicity; Oxidative Stress; Virulence; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Periodontitis -- microbiology.
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