In a study of timing in this ant ten of the twelve nests which were observed opened synchronously in the morning and closed in the evening. However, one was never seen to close and another closed during the day and stayed open at night.
A seasonal progression was shown by later opening times and earlier closing times. Opening and closing temperatures at the surface of the ground and three inches deep showed no seasonal progression.
In most cases the days when the nests opened the earliest the temperatures at opening time were the highest.
Soon after nests had closed they were illuminated but remained closed until the usual opening time. When nests were cooled with ice their opening time was delayed significantly.
Possibly opening and closing are clock controlled, occurring if a suitable temperature is reached within certain timed segments of the day; such a clock might be kept in phase by the whole light (or temperature) cycle.
","abstract_html":"<p>In a study of timing in this ant ten of the twelve nests which were observed opened synchronously in the morning and closed in the evening. However, one was never seen to close and another closed during the day and stayed open at night.</p> <p>A seasonal progression was shown by later opening times and earlier closing times. Opening and closing temperatures at the surface of the ground and three inches deep showed no seasonal progression.</p> <p>In most cases the days when the nests opened the earliest the temperatures at opening time were the highest.</p> <p>Soon after nests had closed they were illuminated but remained closed until the usual opening time. When nests were cooled with ice their opening time was delayed significantly.</p> <p>Possibly opening and closing are clock controlled, occurring if a suitable temperature is reached within certain timed segments of the day; such a clock might be kept in phase by the whole light (or temperature) cycle.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Heath, Lynn R."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Elwood S. McCluskey","Earl W. Lathrop","Raymond E. Rychman","Robert L. Schultz"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1968,"date_issued":"1968-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1968-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:08Z","subjects":["Biology","Ants"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/573","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Elwood S. McCluskey","Earl W. Lathrop","Raymond E. Rychman","Robert L. Schultz"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Heath, Lynn R."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biology","Ants"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/573"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In a study of timing in this ant ten of the twelve nests which were observed opened synchronously in the morning and closed in the evening. However, one was never seen to close and another closed during the day and stayed open at night.
A seasonal progression was shown by later opening times and earlier closing times. Opening and closing temperatures at the surface of the ground and three inches deep showed no seasonal progression.
In most cases the days when the nests opened the earliest the temperatures at opening time were the highest.
Soon after nests had closed they were illuminated but remained closed until the usual opening time. When nests were cooled with ice their opening time was delayed significantly.
Possibly opening and closing are clock controlled, occurring if a suitable temperature is reached within certain timed segments of the day; such a clock might be kept in phase by the whole light (or temperature) cycle.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Daily Nest Opening and Closing of the Ant Pogonomyrmex Californicus"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Elwood S. McCluskey","Earl W. Lathrop","Raymond E. Rychman","Robert L. Schultz"],"dc:creator":["Heath, Lynn R."],"dc:description.abstract":["In a study of timing in this ant ten of the twelve nests which were observed opened synchronously in the morning and closed in the evening. However, one was never seen to close and another closed during the day and stayed open at night.
A seasonal progression was shown by later opening times and earlier closing times. Opening and closing temperatures at the surface of the ground and three inches deep showed no seasonal progression.
In most cases the days when the nests opened the earliest the temperatures at opening time were the highest.
Soon after nests had closed they were illuminated but remained closed until the usual opening time. When nests were cooled with ice their opening time was delayed significantly.
Possibly opening and closing are clock controlled, occurring if a suitable temperature is reached within certain timed segments of the day; such a clock might be kept in phase by the whole light (or temperature) cycle.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/573"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Biology","Ants"],"dc:title":["Daily Nest Opening and Closing of the Ant Pogonomyrmex Californicus"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:08Z"}