By externally glueing radiotransmitters to the dorsoposterior surface of seven neonate Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes, Crotalus oreganus helleri, I monitored the behavior and ecology of this understudied age-class and species. As an alternative to surgical implantation, external transmitter attachment was less invasive, permitted frequent transmitter replacement, and did not appear to affect neonate behavior. Five neonates tracked through several transmitter replacements (48-125 d) increased 10-38% in mass, indicating successful foraging. Neonates predominately occupied grasslands and coastal sage scrub habitats. Ambush postures were frequently established near rodent features (burrows and runways). Unlike adults, the neonates frequently used arboreal positions (10% of 144 relocations) up to 90 cm above the ground, sometimes assuming ambush postures. Mean daily movements decreased over successive months during the period of study (September 2004-February 2005). Neonates undertook short, nondirectional movements presumably associated with foraging. Schoener's autocorrelation statistics (t2/r2) indicated that many successive snake relocations were time-dependent. Activity ranges and distance measures were positively associated with autocorrelation, suggesting that activity ranges were underestimated when using least-squares crossvalidation (LSCV), the preferred smoothing parameter for fixed kernel estimates. The neonates remained surface-active during the winter, with none overwintering communally. These findings demonstrate that individual snakes can be tracked successfully as neonates and, with further effort, throughout their lifetime. This capacity can one day off er a more complete understanding of a species' natural history and ontogenetic processes.
","abstract_html":"<p>By externally glueing radiotransmitters to the dorsoposterior surface of seven neonate Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes, <em>Crotalus oreganus helleri,</em> I monitored the behavior and ecology of this understudied age-class and species. As an alternative to surgical implantation, external transmitter attachment was less invasive, permitted frequent transmitter replacement, and did not appear to affect neonate behavior. Five neonates tracked through several transmitter replacements (48-125 d) increased 10-38% in mass, indicating successful foraging. Neonates predominately occupied grasslands and coastal sage scrub habitats. Ambush postures were frequently established near rodent features (burrows and runways). Unlike adults, the neonates frequently used arboreal positions (10% of 144 relocations) up to 90 cm above the ground, sometimes assuming ambush postures. Mean daily movements decreased over successive months during the period of study (September 2004-February 2005). Neonates undertook short, nondirectional movements presumably associated with foraging. Schoener's autocorrelation statistics (t<sup>2</sup>/r<sup>2</sup>) indicated that many successive snake relocations were time-dependent. Activity ranges and distance measures were positively associated with autocorrelation, suggesting that activity ranges were underestimated when using least-squares crossvalidation (LSCV), the preferred smoothing parameter for fixed kernel estimates. The neonates remained surface-active during the winter, with none overwintering communally. These findings demonstrate that individual snakes can be tracked successfully as neonates and, with further effort, throughout their lifetime. This capacity can one day off er a more complete understanding of a species' natural history and ontogenetic processes.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Figueroa, Alex"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Earth and Biological Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["William K. Hayes","Ronald Carter","L. Lee Grismer"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2006,"date_issued":"2006-03-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2006-03-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:08Z","subjects":["Earth Sciences","Rattlesnakes -- Research; Animal radio tracking; Snakes -- Ecology; Snakes -- Behavior; Herpetology; Poisonous snakes."],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/587","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["William K. Hayes","Ronald Carter","L. Lee Grismer"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Figueroa, Alex"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Earth and Biological Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Earth Sciences","Rattlesnakes -- Research; Animal radio tracking; Snakes -- Ecology; Snakes -- Behavior; Herpetology; Poisonous snakes."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/587"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["By externally glueing radiotransmitters to the dorsoposterior surface of seven neonate Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes, Crotalus oreganus helleri, I monitored the behavior and ecology of this understudied age-class and species. As an alternative to surgical implantation, external transmitter attachment was less invasive, permitted frequent transmitter replacement, and did not appear to affect neonate behavior. Five neonates tracked through several transmitter replacements (48-125 d) increased 10-38% in mass, indicating successful foraging. Neonates predominately occupied grasslands and coastal sage scrub habitats. Ambush postures were frequently established near rodent features (burrows and runways). Unlike adults, the neonates frequently used arboreal positions (10% of 144 relocations) up to 90 cm above the ground, sometimes assuming ambush postures. Mean daily movements decreased over successive months during the period of study (September 2004-February 2005). Neonates undertook short, nondirectional movements presumably associated with foraging. Schoener's autocorrelation statistics (t2/r2) indicated that many successive snake relocations were time-dependent. Activity ranges and distance measures were positively associated with autocorrelation, suggesting that activity ranges were underestimated when using least-squares crossvalidation (LSCV), the preferred smoothing parameter for fixed kernel estimates. The neonates remained surface-active during the winter, with none overwintering communally. These findings demonstrate that individual snakes can be tracked successfully as neonates and, with further effort, throughout their lifetime. This capacity can one day off er a more complete understanding of a species' natural history and ontogenetic processes.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Radiotelemetry and Behavioral Ecology of Neonate Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["William K. Hayes","Ronald Carter","L. Lee Grismer"],"dc:creator":["Figueroa, Alex"],"dc:description.abstract":["By externally glueing radiotransmitters to the dorsoposterior surface of seven neonate Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes, Crotalus oreganus helleri, I monitored the behavior and ecology of this understudied age-class and species. As an alternative to surgical implantation, external transmitter attachment was less invasive, permitted frequent transmitter replacement, and did not appear to affect neonate behavior. Five neonates tracked through several transmitter replacements (48-125 d) increased 10-38% in mass, indicating successful foraging. Neonates predominately occupied grasslands and coastal sage scrub habitats. Ambush postures were frequently established near rodent features (burrows and runways). Unlike adults, the neonates frequently used arboreal positions (10% of 144 relocations) up to 90 cm above the ground, sometimes assuming ambush postures. Mean daily movements decreased over successive months during the period of study (September 2004-February 2005). Neonates undertook short, nondirectional movements presumably associated with foraging. Schoener's autocorrelation statistics (t2/r2) indicated that many successive snake relocations were time-dependent. Activity ranges and distance measures were positively associated with autocorrelation, suggesting that activity ranges were underestimated when using least-squares crossvalidation (LSCV), the preferred smoothing parameter for fixed kernel estimates. The neonates remained surface-active during the winter, with none overwintering communally. These findings demonstrate that individual snakes can be tracked successfully as neonates and, with further effort, throughout their lifetime. This capacity can one day off er a more complete understanding of a species' natural history and ontogenetic processes.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/587"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Earth Sciences","Rattlesnakes -- Research; Animal radio tracking; Snakes -- Ecology; Snakes -- Behavior; Herpetology; Poisonous snakes."],"dc:title":["Radiotelemetry and Behavioral Ecology of Neonate Southern Pacific Rattlesnakes"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Earth and Biological Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:08Z"}