The present study examines the association of life stressors and the period when they occur, with the development of CFS symptoms in Gulf War veterans. From data collected from Gulf War Health Registry veterans, 113 met CFS criteria and 441 were controls. After hierarchical linear analysis, negative life stressors: wounded, traumatic war experience, frequent battle experiences, demotion, and unable to work within 2 years of returning from the Gulf predicted CFS symptoms; and positive life stressors of buying a house more than 2 years of returning was protective against CFS symptoms (all significant at p < .05). The findings are consistent with psycho social etiological hypotheses for CFS and are useful in developing programs for veterans returning from war.
","abstract_html":"<p>The present study examines the association of life stressors and the period when they occur, with the development of CFS symptoms in Gulf War veterans. From data collected from Gulf War Health Registry veterans, 113 met CFS criteria and 441 were controls. After hierarchical linear analysis, negative life stressors: wounded, traumatic war experience, frequent battle experiences, demotion, and unable to work within 2 years of returning from the Gulf predicted CFS symptoms; and positive life stressors of buying a house more than 2 years of returning was protective against CFS symptoms (all significant at p < .05). The findings are consistent with psycho social etiological hypotheses for CFS and are useful in developing programs for veterans returning from war.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Dhillon, Kieran K."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)","degree_level":"Doctoral Project","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kendal Boyd","Louis Jenkins","David Vermeersch"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2006,"date_issued":"2006-09-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2006-09-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:08Z","subjects":["Mental Disorders","Psychiatry and Psychology","Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Life Change Events; Gulf War; Stress, Psychological; Risk-Taking."],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/598","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kendal Boyd","Louis Jenkins","David Vermeersch"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Dhillon, Kieran K."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral Project"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Mental Disorders","Psychiatry and Psychology","Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Life Change Events; Gulf War; Stress, Psychological; Risk-Taking."]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/598"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The present study examines the association of life stressors and the period when they occur, with the development of CFS symptoms in Gulf War veterans. From data collected from Gulf War Health Registry veterans, 113 met CFS criteria and 441 were controls. After hierarchical linear analysis, negative life stressors: wounded, traumatic war experience, frequent battle experiences, demotion, and unable to work within 2 years of returning from the Gulf predicted CFS symptoms; and positive life stressors of buying a house more than 2 years of returning was protective against CFS symptoms (all significant at p < .05). The findings are consistent with psycho social etiological hypotheses for CFS and are useful in developing programs for veterans returning from war.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of War Stressors and Life Events on Gulf War Veterans with CFS Symptoms"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kendal Boyd","Louis Jenkins","David Vermeersch"],"dc:creator":["Dhillon, Kieran K."],"dc:description.abstract":["The present study examines the association of life stressors and the period when they occur, with the development of CFS symptoms in Gulf War veterans. From data collected from Gulf War Health Registry veterans, 113 met CFS criteria and 441 were controls. After hierarchical linear analysis, negative life stressors: wounded, traumatic war experience, frequent battle experiences, demotion, and unable to work within 2 years of returning from the Gulf predicted CFS symptoms; and positive life stressors of buying a house more than 2 years of returning was protective against CFS symptoms (all significant at p < .05). The findings are consistent with psycho social etiological hypotheses for CFS and are useful in developing programs for veterans returning from war.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/598"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Mental Disorders","Psychiatry and Psychology","Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic; Persian Gulf Syndrome; Life Change Events; Gulf War; Stress, Psychological; Risk-Taking."],"dc:title":["Effects of War Stressors and Life Events on Gulf War Veterans with CFS Symptoms"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral Project"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:53:08Z"}