Having a child is both an exciting and overwhelming time for parents (Wigert et al., 2006; Cooper & Pells, 2015). While having a child is an exciting time, approximately 10% of infants are born prematurely and admitted into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with additional infants being admitted for other reasons (e.g., sickness, low birth weight, etc.) (March of Dimes, 2015). Overall, parents of children admitted to the NICU have consistently reported experiencing lower quality of life than prior the their child being admitted to the NICU (Rosenbaum et al., 2011). Previous research has found anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder to negatively moderate parental quality of life (Shaw et al., 2006; Vanderbilt et al., 2009; Fonseca et al., 2012). Additionally, research points to three potential moderators of parental quality of life of parents whose child has been admitted to the NICU, (1) spirituality, (2) coping, and (3) social support (Kim et al., 2008; Hexen et al., 2011; Lavasani et al., 2011). The current study aims to further explore quality of life among parents whose child is admitted to the NICU by investigating potential moderators of change in parental quality of life over the NICU stay. Specifically, we aimed to (1) investigate the change, overt time, in the quality of life in parents of children in the NICU, and (2) to investigate potential moderators of the quality of life in parents of infants in the NICU. Data was collected from parents who had an infant admitted to the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital NICU. We conducted a paired sample t-test to assess change in parental quality of life over time. We conducted multiple moderation analyses to assess (2a) spirituality, (2b) social support, (2c) coping style, and (2d) overall severity of infant illness as moderators in parental quality of life over time. Results indicated that parental quality of life does not change significantly, over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05). Results also indicated that none of the assessed moderators significantly moderated parental quality of life over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05).
","abstract_html":"<p>Having a child is both an exciting and overwhelming time for parents (Wigert et al., 2006; Cooper & Pells, 2015). While having a child is an exciting time, approximately 10% of infants are born prematurely and admitted into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with additional infants being admitted for other reasons (e.g., sickness, low birth weight, etc.) (March of Dimes, 2015). Overall, parents of children admitted to the NICU have consistently reported experiencing lower quality of life than prior the their child being admitted to the NICU (Rosenbaum et al., 2011). Previous research has found anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder to negatively moderate parental quality of life (Shaw et al., 2006; Vanderbilt et al., 2009; Fonseca et al., 2012). Additionally, research points to three potential moderators of parental quality of life of parents whose child has been admitted to the NICU, (1) spirituality, (2) coping, and (3) social support (Kim et al., 2008; Hexen et al., 2011; Lavasani et al., 2011). The current study aims to further explore quality of life among parents whose child is admitted to the NICU by investigating potential moderators of change in parental quality of life over the NICU stay. Specifically, we aimed to (1) investigate the change, overt time, in the quality of life in parents of children in the NICU, and (2) to investigate potential moderators of the quality of life in parents of infants in the NICU. Data was collected from parents who had an infant admitted to the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital NICU. We conducted a paired sample t-test to assess change in parental quality of life over time. We conducted multiple moderation analyses to assess (2a) spirituality, (2b) social support, (2c) coping style, and (2d) overall severity of infant illness as moderators in parental quality of life over time. Results indicated that parental quality of life does not change significantly, over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05). Results also indicated that none of the assessed moderators significantly moderated parental quality of life over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05).</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lima, Evan"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Neece, Cameron L.","Aréchiga, Adam L.","Ballinger, Rebecca E.","Tagge, Edward P.","Vermeersch, David"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-12-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-12-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:45Z","subjects":["Clinical Psychology","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences","Intensive Care Units; Neonatal; Stress; Psychological; Mental Health; Parenting - Psychology; Quality of Life;","Stress; Depression; Parenting; Parental Mental Health"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/432","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Neece, Cameron L.","Aréchiga, Adam L.","Ballinger, Rebecca E.","Tagge, Edward P.","Vermeersch, David"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lima, Evan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Clinical Psychology","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences","Intensive Care Units; Neonatal; Stress; Psychological; Mental Health; Parenting - Psychology; Quality of Life;","Stress; Depression; Parenting; Parental Mental Health"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/432"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Having a child is both an exciting and overwhelming time for parents (Wigert et al., 2006; Cooper & Pells, 2015). While having a child is an exciting time, approximately 10% of infants are born prematurely and admitted into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with additional infants being admitted for other reasons (e.g., sickness, low birth weight, etc.) (March of Dimes, 2015). Overall, parents of children admitted to the NICU have consistently reported experiencing lower quality of life than prior the their child being admitted to the NICU (Rosenbaum et al., 2011). Previous research has found anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder to negatively moderate parental quality of life (Shaw et al., 2006; Vanderbilt et al., 2009; Fonseca et al., 2012). Additionally, research points to three potential moderators of parental quality of life of parents whose child has been admitted to the NICU, (1) spirituality, (2) coping, and (3) social support (Kim et al., 2008; Hexen et al., 2011; Lavasani et al., 2011). The current study aims to further explore quality of life among parents whose child is admitted to the NICU by investigating potential moderators of change in parental quality of life over the NICU stay. Specifically, we aimed to (1) investigate the change, overt time, in the quality of life in parents of children in the NICU, and (2) to investigate potential moderators of the quality of life in parents of infants in the NICU. Data was collected from parents who had an infant admitted to the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital NICU. We conducted a paired sample t-test to assess change in parental quality of life over time. We conducted multiple moderation analyses to assess (2a) spirituality, (2b) social support, (2c) coping style, and (2d) overall severity of infant illness as moderators in parental quality of life over time. Results indicated that parental quality of life does not change significantly, over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05). Results also indicated that none of the assessed moderators significantly moderated parental quality of life over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05).
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Parental Quality of Life Among Parents in the NICU: Examining Moderators of Change Over Time"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Neece, Cameron L.","Aréchiga, Adam L.","Ballinger, Rebecca E.","Tagge, Edward P.","Vermeersch, David"],"dc:creator":["Lima, Evan"],"dc:description.abstract":["Having a child is both an exciting and overwhelming time for parents (Wigert et al., 2006; Cooper & Pells, 2015). While having a child is an exciting time, approximately 10% of infants are born prematurely and admitted into the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with additional infants being admitted for other reasons (e.g., sickness, low birth weight, etc.) (March of Dimes, 2015). Overall, parents of children admitted to the NICU have consistently reported experiencing lower quality of life than prior the their child being admitted to the NICU (Rosenbaum et al., 2011). Previous research has found anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder to negatively moderate parental quality of life (Shaw et al., 2006; Vanderbilt et al., 2009; Fonseca et al., 2012). Additionally, research points to three potential moderators of parental quality of life of parents whose child has been admitted to the NICU, (1) spirituality, (2) coping, and (3) social support (Kim et al., 2008; Hexen et al., 2011; Lavasani et al., 2011). The current study aims to further explore quality of life among parents whose child is admitted to the NICU by investigating potential moderators of change in parental quality of life over the NICU stay. Specifically, we aimed to (1) investigate the change, overt time, in the quality of life in parents of children in the NICU, and (2) to investigate potential moderators of the quality of life in parents of infants in the NICU. Data was collected from parents who had an infant admitted to the Loma Linda University Children’s Hospital NICU. We conducted a paired sample t-test to assess change in parental quality of life over time. We conducted multiple moderation analyses to assess (2a) spirituality, (2b) social support, (2c) coping style, and (2d) overall severity of infant illness as moderators in parental quality of life over time. Results indicated that parental quality of life does not change significantly, over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05). Results also indicated that none of the assessed moderators significantly moderated parental quality of life over time, when their infant was in the NICU (p > .05).
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/432"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Clinical Psychology","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences","Intensive Care Units; Neonatal; Stress; Psychological; Mental Health; Parenting - Psychology; Quality of Life;","Stress; Depression; Parenting; Parental Mental Health"],"dc:title":["Parental Quality of Life Among Parents in the NICU: Examining Moderators of Change Over Time"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:45Z"}