Background: The ulnar side of the wrist has been referred to as the “black box” of the wrist because of its complex structures and sophisticated anatomy, disorders at this anatomical site have been compared to those of low back pain
Purposes: The purpose of this study was to apply the Brief International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions to the physical therapy outcome measures, and to evaluate the contribution of these measures to overall health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. A secondary purpose was to investigate the effect of wrist orthotics and strengthening exercise on subjects with ulnar wrist pain. Methods: Thirty-five subjects with ulnar wrist pain were recruited to receive orthotics and strengthening exercises. Investigators measured pain, function using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire, grip strength using the Jamar dynamometer, at baseline, two and four weeks post randomization. Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of these variables on overall health represented by the Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire. A mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) modeling was used to investigate the effect of the intervention over time.
Results: Fifty-three percent of the variability in SF-36 physical health summary scores was explained by the studied variables with grip strength predicting 31% of the variability. There were statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups and the control group, while there were no statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups over the three measurement occasions.
Conclusions: The Brief ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions can be a useful abridged list of categories relevant to functioning and health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. Also, orthotics intervention is as effective as orthotics plus strengthening exercises in improving pain, function, and grip strength in subjects with ulnar wrist pain.
Key words: Ulnar wrist pain, Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex, Brief International Classification of Functioning Core Set, ulnar-based orthotics, Physical Therapy.
","abstract_html":"<p><strong>Background</strong>: The ulnar side of the wrist has been referred to as the “black box” of the wrist because of its complex structures and sophisticated anatomy, disorders at this anatomical site have been compared to those of low back pain</p> <p><strong>Purposes: </strong>The purpose of this study was to apply the Brief International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions to the physical therapy outcome measures, and to evaluate the contribution of these measures to overall health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. A secondary purpose was to investigate the effect of wrist orthotics and strengthening exercise on subjects with ulnar wrist pain. <strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five subjects with ulnar wrist pain were recruited to receive orthotics and strengthening exercises. Investigators measured pain, function using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire, grip strength using the Jamar dynamometer, at baseline, two and four weeks post randomization. Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of these variables on overall health represented by the Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire. A mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) modeling was used to investigate the effect of the intervention over time.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-three percent of the variability in SF-36 physical health summary scores was explained by the studied variables with grip strength predicting 31% of the variability. There were statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups and the control group, while there were no statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups over the three measurement occasions.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Brief ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions can be a useful abridged list of categories relevant to functioning and health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. Also, orthotics intervention is as effective as orthotics plus strengthening exercises in improving pain, function, and grip strength in subjects with ulnar wrist pain.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>Ulnar wrist pain, Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex, Brief International Classification of Functioning Core Set, ulnar-based orthotics, Physical Therapy.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Abdelmegeed, Mohamed A."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Science (DSc)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Physical Therapy","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lohman, Everett B., III","Daher, Noha S.","Syed, Hasan M."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-09-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2015-09-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:38Z","subjects":["Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment","Diagnosis","Medicine and Health Sciences","Physical Therapy","Rehabilitation and Therapy","Therapeutics","Triangular Fibrocartilage -- Injuries; Triquetrum Bone -- Injuries; Radius Fractures -- Complications; Ulnar Nerve -- Injuries; Physical Therapy Modalities","Ulnar Wrist Pain; Ulnar-based Orthotics; Strength Exercises; Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/310","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lohman, Everett B., III","Daher, Noha S.","Syed, Hasan M."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Abdelmegeed, Mohamed A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Physical Therapy"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Science (DSc)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment","Diagnosis","Medicine and Health Sciences","Physical Therapy","Rehabilitation and Therapy","Therapeutics","Triangular Fibrocartilage -- Injuries; Triquetrum Bone -- Injuries; Radius Fractures -- Complications; Ulnar Nerve -- Injuries; Physical Therapy Modalities","Ulnar Wrist Pain; Ulnar-based Orthotics; Strength Exercises; Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/310"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Background: The ulnar side of the wrist has been referred to as the “black box” of the wrist because of its complex structures and sophisticated anatomy, disorders at this anatomical site have been compared to those of low back pain
Purposes: The purpose of this study was to apply the Brief International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions to the physical therapy outcome measures, and to evaluate the contribution of these measures to overall health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. A secondary purpose was to investigate the effect of wrist orthotics and strengthening exercise on subjects with ulnar wrist pain. Methods: Thirty-five subjects with ulnar wrist pain were recruited to receive orthotics and strengthening exercises. Investigators measured pain, function using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire, grip strength using the Jamar dynamometer, at baseline, two and four weeks post randomization. Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of these variables on overall health represented by the Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire. A mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) modeling was used to investigate the effect of the intervention over time.
Results: Fifty-three percent of the variability in SF-36 physical health summary scores was explained by the studied variables with grip strength predicting 31% of the variability. There were statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups and the control group, while there were no statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups over the three measurement occasions.
Conclusions: The Brief ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions can be a useful abridged list of categories relevant to functioning and health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. Also, orthotics intervention is as effective as orthotics plus strengthening exercises in improving pain, function, and grip strength in subjects with ulnar wrist pain.
Key words: Ulnar wrist pain, Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex, Brief International Classification of Functioning Core Set, ulnar-based orthotics, Physical Therapy.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Physical Therapy after Triangular Fibrocartilage Injuries and Ulnar Wrist Pain"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lohman, Everett B., III","Daher, Noha S.","Syed, Hasan M."],"dc:creator":["Abdelmegeed, Mohamed A."],"dc:description.abstract":["Background: The ulnar side of the wrist has been referred to as the “black box” of the wrist because of its complex structures and sophisticated anatomy, disorders at this anatomical site have been compared to those of low back pain
Purposes: The purpose of this study was to apply the Brief International Classification of Functioning (ICF) Core Set for Hand Conditions to the physical therapy outcome measures, and to evaluate the contribution of these measures to overall health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. A secondary purpose was to investigate the effect of wrist orthotics and strengthening exercise on subjects with ulnar wrist pain. Methods: Thirty-five subjects with ulnar wrist pain were recruited to receive orthotics and strengthening exercises. Investigators measured pain, function using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire, grip strength using the Jamar dynamometer, at baseline, two and four weeks post randomization. Regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of these variables on overall health represented by the Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire. A mixed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) modeling was used to investigate the effect of the intervention over time.
Results: Fifty-three percent of the variability in SF-36 physical health summary scores was explained by the studied variables with grip strength predicting 31% of the variability. There were statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups and the control group, while there were no statistical significant differences between the two intervention groups over the three measurement occasions.
Conclusions: The Brief ICF Core Set for Hand Conditions can be a useful abridged list of categories relevant to functioning and health in subjects with ulnar wrist pain. Also, orthotics intervention is as effective as orthotics plus strengthening exercises in improving pain, function, and grip strength in subjects with ulnar wrist pain.
Key words: Ulnar wrist pain, Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex, Brief International Classification of Functioning Core Set, ulnar-based orthotics, Physical Therapy.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/310"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment","Diagnosis","Medicine and Health Sciences","Physical Therapy","Rehabilitation and Therapy","Therapeutics","Triangular Fibrocartilage -- Injuries; Triquetrum Bone -- Injuries; Radius Fractures -- Complications; Ulnar Nerve -- Injuries; Physical Therapy Modalities","Ulnar Wrist Pain; Ulnar-based Orthotics; Strength Exercises; Patient-rated Wrist Evaluation"],"dc:title":["Physical Therapy after Triangular Fibrocartilage Injuries and Ulnar Wrist Pain"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Physical Therapy"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Science (DSc)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:38Z"}