Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis are B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases that afflict millions of people worldwide. B cell-targeted therapies for these diseases result in variable clinical outcomes. Thus, a need exists to better understand the dynamics of human B cell production and function. The mouse model has provided a foundation for understanding the mechanisms involved in human B cell development and autoimmune disease. However, differences in mouse and human B cells are not fully understood. Our work shows that the co-expression of CD21 and CD24, determined by 7-color flow cytometry, can be used to demarcate developmental subsets of B cells. A comparison of analogous B cell subsets in mice and humans showed that the B cell subsets distribution differs between the species suggesting differences exist in mechanisms that regulate and maintain the specific B cell. This work provides a foundation for understanding human B cell development using the mouse model.
","abstract_html":"<p>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis are B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases that afflict millions of people worldwide. B cell-targeted therapies for these diseases result in variable clinical outcomes. Thus, a need exists to better understand the dynamics of human B cell production and function. The mouse model has provided a foundation for understanding the mechanisms involved in human B cell development and autoimmune disease. However, differences in mouse and human B cells are not fully understood. Our work shows that the co-expression of CD21 and CD24, determined by 7-color flow cytometry, can be used to demarcate developmental subsets of B cells. A comparison of analogous B cell subsets in mice and humans showed that the B cell subsets distribution differs between the species suggesting differences exist in mechanisms that regulate and maintain the specific B cell. This work provides a foundation for understanding human B cell development using the mouse model.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Benitez, Abigail"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Basic Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Payne, Kimberly J.","Casiano, Carlos A.","Colburn, Keith K.","Duerksen-Hughes, Penelope","Gridley, Daila","Soto-Wegner, Ubaldo"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:27Z","subjects":["Genetics and Genomics","Life Sciences","Medicine and Health Sciences","Microbiology","Molecular Genetics","Antigens - Differentiation; Antigens - CD24; Receptors - Complement 3d; B-Lymphocyte Subset; B-Cell Activating Factor; Lymphoid Progenitor Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Common Variable Immunodeficiency; Species Specificity","Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Rheumatoid Arthritis; B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases; Mouse model; Human B Cell development;"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/198","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Payne, Kimberly J.","Casiano, Carlos A.","Colburn, Keith K.","Duerksen-Hughes, Penelope","Gridley, Daila","Soto-Wegner, Ubaldo"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Benitez, Abigail"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Basic Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Genetics and Genomics","Life Sciences","Medicine and Health Sciences","Microbiology","Molecular Genetics","Antigens - Differentiation; Antigens - CD24; Receptors - Complement 3d; B-Lymphocyte Subset; B-Cell Activating Factor; Lymphoid Progenitor Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Common Variable Immunodeficiency; Species Specificity","Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Rheumatoid Arthritis; B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases; Mouse model; Human B Cell development;"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/198"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis are B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases that afflict millions of people worldwide. B cell-targeted therapies for these diseases result in variable clinical outcomes. Thus, a need exists to better understand the dynamics of human B cell production and function. The mouse model has provided a foundation for understanding the mechanisms involved in human B cell development and autoimmune disease. However, differences in mouse and human B cells are not fully understood. Our work shows that the co-expression of CD21 and CD24, determined by 7-color flow cytometry, can be used to demarcate developmental subsets of B cells. A comparison of analogous B cell subsets in mice and humans showed that the B cell subsets distribution differs between the species suggesting differences exist in mechanisms that regulate and maintain the specific B cell. This work provides a foundation for understanding human B cell development using the mouse model.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["CD21 and CD24 Co-expression: A Translational Model between Mouse and Human"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Payne, Kimberly J.","Casiano, Carlos A.","Colburn, Keith K.","Duerksen-Hughes, Penelope","Gridley, Daila","Soto-Wegner, Ubaldo"],"dc:creator":["Benitez, Abigail"],"dc:description.abstract":["Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis are B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases that afflict millions of people worldwide. B cell-targeted therapies for these diseases result in variable clinical outcomes. Thus, a need exists to better understand the dynamics of human B cell production and function. The mouse model has provided a foundation for understanding the mechanisms involved in human B cell development and autoimmune disease. However, differences in mouse and human B cells are not fully understood. Our work shows that the co-expression of CD21 and CD24, determined by 7-color flow cytometry, can be used to demarcate developmental subsets of B cells. A comparison of analogous B cell subsets in mice and humans showed that the B cell subsets distribution differs between the species suggesting differences exist in mechanisms that regulate and maintain the specific B cell. This work provides a foundation for understanding human B cell development using the mouse model.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/198"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Genetics and Genomics","Life Sciences","Medicine and Health Sciences","Microbiology","Molecular Genetics","Antigens - Differentiation; Antigens - CD24; Receptors - Complement 3d; B-Lymphocyte Subset; B-Cell Activating Factor; Lymphoid Progenitor Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Immunoglobulin Light Chains; Common Variable Immunodeficiency; Species Specificity","Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Rheumatoid Arthritis; B cell-mediated autoimmune diseases; Mouse model; Human B Cell development;"],"dc:title":["CD21 and CD24 Co-expression: A Translational Model between Mouse and Human"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Basic Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:27Z"}