{"id":{"repo_id":"loma-linda","oai_identifier":"oai:scholarsrepository.llu.edu:etd-1139"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/loma-linda/oai:scholarsrepository.llu.edu:etd-1139","repository":{"repo_id":"loma-linda","name":"Loma Linda University","base_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Female Genital Mutilation and Marital Satisfaction among Kenyan Females","abstract":"The pernicious practice identified as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) comprises of various procedures that damage female genitalia for non-therapeutic intentions and is widely considered a human rights violation. Globally, tangled cultural and religious traditions are responsible for perpetuating Female Genital Mutilation. Women continue to be victims of this practice irrespective of their socio-economic status, and irrespective of an ardent worldwide campaign against it. The current empirical investigation into the consequences of FGM is multi-faceted and reveals negative impacts on women physically, psychologically, and psychosexually. This study presents an investigation addressing one significant aim in the current research. The aim of this study is to determine whether FGM versus non-FGM married females in Kenya and Kenyan immigrants in the United States of America vary on relationship characteristics such as relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, intimacy, spousal support, and gender role attitudes. One hundred and thirty six married females between the ages of 18 and 79 completed five different surveys. Among these married women, some women had undergone FGM while some had not. Factorial analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test study hypotheses. The emerging data illustrated that even though non-significant, there are differences in marital satisfaction between Kenyan locals and Kenyan immigrants in the United States. Based on these findings, implications are suggested for future research in this area for further understanding the impact of female genital mutilation on marriages both in Kenya and the USA.","abstract_html":"The pernicious practice identified as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) comprises of various procedures that damage female genitalia for non-therapeutic intentions and is widely considered a human rights violation. Globally, tangled cultural and religious traditions are responsible for perpetuating Female Genital Mutilation. Women continue to be victims of this practice irrespective of their socio-economic status, and irrespective of an ardent worldwide campaign against it. The current empirical investigation into the consequences of FGM is multi-faceted and reveals negative impacts on women physically, psychologically, and psychosexually. This study presents an investigation addressing one significant aim in the current research. The aim of this study is to determine whether FGM versus non-FGM married females in Kenya and Kenyan immigrants in the United States of America vary on relationship characteristics such as relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, intimacy, spousal support, and gender role attitudes. One hundred and thirty six married females between the ages of 18 and 79 completed five different surveys. Among these married women, some women had undergone FGM while some had not. Factorial analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test study hypotheses. The emerging data illustrated that even though non-significant, there are differences in marital satisfaction between Kenyan locals and Kenyan immigrants in the United States. Based on these findings, implications are suggested for future research in this area for further understanding the impact of female genital mutilation on marriages both in Kenya and the USA.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Nyairo, Caroline Bosibori"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Counseling and Family Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Distelberg, Brian","Fox, Curtis A.","Knudson-Martin, Carmen","Muchee, Tabitha"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2013-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:15Z","subjects":["Family, Life Course, and Society","Kenya; Female circumcision; Clitoridectomy; Marital Quality; Interpersonal relations; Satisfaction; Married people - Africa - Kenya","Female Genital Mutilation","Marital Satisfaction"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/140","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Distelberg, Brian","Fox, Curtis A.","Knudson-Martin, Carmen","Muchee, Tabitha"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Nyairo, Caroline Bosibori"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counseling and Family Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Family, Life Course, and Society","Kenya; Female circumcision; Clitoridectomy; Marital Quality; Interpersonal relations; Satisfaction; Married people - Africa - Kenya","Female Genital Mutilation","Marital Satisfaction"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/140"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The pernicious practice identified as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) comprises of various procedures that damage female genitalia for non-therapeutic intentions and is widely considered a human rights violation. Globally, tangled cultural and religious traditions are responsible for perpetuating Female Genital Mutilation. Women continue to be victims of this practice irrespective of their socio-economic status, and irrespective of an ardent worldwide campaign against it. The current empirical investigation into the consequences of FGM is multi-faceted and reveals negative impacts on women physically, psychologically, and psychosexually. This study presents an investigation addressing one significant aim in the current research. The aim of this study is to determine whether FGM versus non-FGM married females in Kenya and Kenyan immigrants in the United States of America vary on relationship characteristics such as relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, intimacy, spousal support, and gender role attitudes. One hundred and thirty six married females between the ages of 18 and 79 completed five different surveys. Among these married women, some women had undergone FGM while some had not. Factorial analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test study hypotheses. The emerging data illustrated that even though non-significant, there are differences in marital satisfaction between Kenyan locals and Kenyan immigrants in the United States. Based on these findings, implications are suggested for future research in this area for further understanding the impact of female genital mutilation on marriages both in Kenya and the USA."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Female Genital Mutilation and Marital Satisfaction among Kenyan Females"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Distelberg, Brian","Fox, Curtis A.","Knudson-Martin, Carmen","Muchee, Tabitha"],"dc:creator":["Nyairo, Caroline Bosibori"],"dc:description.abstract":["The pernicious practice identified as Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) comprises of various procedures that damage female genitalia for non-therapeutic intentions and is widely considered a human rights violation. Globally, tangled cultural and religious traditions are responsible for perpetuating Female Genital Mutilation. Women continue to be victims of this practice irrespective of their socio-economic status, and irrespective of an ardent worldwide campaign against it. The current empirical investigation into the consequences of FGM is multi-faceted and reveals negative impacts on women physically, psychologically, and psychosexually. This study presents an investigation addressing one significant aim in the current research. The aim of this study is to determine whether FGM versus non-FGM married females in Kenya and Kenyan immigrants in the United States of America vary on relationship characteristics such as relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, intimacy, spousal support, and gender role attitudes. One hundred and thirty six married females between the ages of 18 and 79 completed five different surveys. Among these married women, some women had undergone FGM while some had not. Factorial analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to test study hypotheses. The emerging data illustrated that even though non-significant, there are differences in marital satisfaction between Kenyan locals and Kenyan immigrants in the United States. Based on these findings, implications are suggested for future research in this area for further understanding the impact of female genital mutilation on marriages both in Kenya and the USA."],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/140"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Family, Life Course, and Society","Kenya; Female circumcision; Clitoridectomy; Marital Quality; Interpersonal relations; Satisfaction; Married people - Africa - Kenya","Female Genital Mutilation","Marital Satisfaction"],"dc:title":["Female Genital Mutilation and Marital Satisfaction among Kenyan Females"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counseling and Family Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:15Z"}