Research suggests that couples seek connection and equality within the marital relationship, yet they continue to struggle due to the continued impact of traditional gender ideologies (Coontz, 2006; Knudson-Martin & Mahoney 2009). The current body of literature reveals little about how specific relational negotiation practices contribute to attaining an equal and connected relationship over time. This study utilizes grounded theory methodology and a feminist social constructionist framework to explore how traditional gender constructs impact couples’ ability to negotiate connected egalitarianism within relationship over time.
The analysis of 68 interviews with two sets of couples—parents of children 5 years old and younger (i.e. short-term couples) and couples together at least 10 years with the oldest child aged 6-16 (i.e. long-term couples) —identified relational gender role ambiguity as a core dimension facing couples. The ambiguity resides in the desire to maintain connection in the relationship despite conflicting internal and external messages about traditional gender beliefs and shifting beliefs and practices that revolve around egalitarian ideals. Couples’ responded through four primary styles of relationship management: gendered disengagement, gendered reciprocity, relational disengagement, and relational reciprocity.
Results indicate the need for both partners to engage in explicit relational practices that promote reciprocal emotional connection. Overall, men describe increasing their relational awareness in the marital dyad, but women continue to maintain primary responsibility for the push towards relational awareness. Women raise men’s relational awareness primarily by increasing explicit negotiation practices. As a result, many men in the study report learning how to acknowledge and recognize the value of emotional connectedness for the health and longevity of relationship.
Findings provide important information about how couples are attempting to take evolving relationship ideologies and create a contemporary relational model that represents the connection couples seek to achieve. In addition, this study enhances the field of marriage and family therapy in ways to not only bring about more awareness for couples but assist in creating more connection and equality within marriage. Finally, these findings highlight that partner negotiation is necessary at all stages of relational development.
","abstract_html":"<p>Research suggests that couples seek connection and equality within the marital relationship, yet they continue to struggle due to the continued impact of traditional gender ideologies (Coontz, 2006; Knudson-Martin & Mahoney 2009). The current body of literature reveals little about how specific relational negotiation practices contribute to attaining an equal and connected relationship over time. This study utilizes grounded theory methodology and a feminist social constructionist framework to explore how traditional gender constructs impact couples’ ability to negotiate connected egalitarianism within relationship over time.</p> <p>The analysis of 68 interviews with two sets of couples—parents of children 5 years old and younger (i.e. short-term couples) and couples together at least 10 years with the oldest child aged 6-16 (i.e. long-term couples) —identified relational gender role ambiguity as a core dimension facing couples. The ambiguity resides in the desire to maintain connection in the relationship despite conflicting internal and external messages about traditional gender beliefs and shifting beliefs and practices that revolve around egalitarian ideals. Couples’ responded through four primary styles of relationship management: gendered disengagement, gendered reciprocity, relational disengagement, and relational reciprocity.</p> <p>Results indicate the need for both partners to engage in explicit relational practices that promote reciprocal emotional connection. Overall, men describe increasing their relational awareness in the marital dyad, but women continue to maintain primary responsibility for the push towards relational awareness. Women raise men’s relational awareness primarily by increasing explicit negotiation practices. As a result, many men in the study report learning how to acknowledge and recognize the value of emotional connectedness for the health and longevity of relationship.</p> <p>Findings provide important information about how couples are attempting to take evolving relationship ideologies and create a contemporary relational model that represents the connection couples seek to achieve. In addition, this study enhances the field of marriage and family therapy in ways to not only bring about more awareness for couples but assist in creating more connection and equality within marriage. Finally, these findings highlight that partner negotiation is necessary at all stages of relational development.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bradley, Lena Lopez"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Counseling and Family Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Knudson-Martin, Carmen","Baker, Winetta","Guerrero, Amy Tuttle","Huenergardt, Douglas"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2013-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:15Z","subjects":["Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling","Marriage; Marital Therapy; Marital psychotherapy; Marriage counseling; Man-woman relationships; Interpersonal Relations; Couples Therapy;","Marital Care","Connected egalitarian relationships","Marital relationships","Feminist social constructionist framework","Gender constructs"],"languages":["English"],"rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/115","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Knudson-Martin, Carmen","Baker, Winetta","Guerrero, Amy Tuttle","Huenergardt, Douglas"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bradley, Lena Lopez"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counseling and Family Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling","Marriage; Marital Therapy; Marital psychotherapy; Marriage counseling; Man-woman relationships; Interpersonal Relations; Couples Therapy;","Marital Care","Connected egalitarian relationships","Marital relationships","Feminist social constructionist framework","Gender constructs"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/115"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Research suggests that couples seek connection and equality within the marital relationship, yet they continue to struggle due to the continued impact of traditional gender ideologies (Coontz, 2006; Knudson-Martin & Mahoney 2009). The current body of literature reveals little about how specific relational negotiation practices contribute to attaining an equal and connected relationship over time. This study utilizes grounded theory methodology and a feminist social constructionist framework to explore how traditional gender constructs impact couples’ ability to negotiate connected egalitarianism within relationship over time.
The analysis of 68 interviews with two sets of couples—parents of children 5 years old and younger (i.e. short-term couples) and couples together at least 10 years with the oldest child aged 6-16 (i.e. long-term couples) —identified relational gender role ambiguity as a core dimension facing couples. The ambiguity resides in the desire to maintain connection in the relationship despite conflicting internal and external messages about traditional gender beliefs and shifting beliefs and practices that revolve around egalitarian ideals. Couples’ responded through four primary styles of relationship management: gendered disengagement, gendered reciprocity, relational disengagement, and relational reciprocity.
Results indicate the need for both partners to engage in explicit relational practices that promote reciprocal emotional connection. Overall, men describe increasing their relational awareness in the marital dyad, but women continue to maintain primary responsibility for the push towards relational awareness. Women raise men’s relational awareness primarily by increasing explicit negotiation practices. As a result, many men in the study report learning how to acknowledge and recognize the value of emotional connectedness for the health and longevity of relationship.
Findings provide important information about how couples are attempting to take evolving relationship ideologies and create a contemporary relational model that represents the connection couples seek to achieve. In addition, this study enhances the field of marriage and family therapy in ways to not only bring about more awareness for couples but assist in creating more connection and equality within marriage. Finally, these findings highlight that partner negotiation is necessary at all stages of relational development.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Negotiating Marital Care: Co-Creating the Connected Egalitarian Relationship"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Knudson-Martin, Carmen","Baker, Winetta","Guerrero, Amy Tuttle","Huenergardt, Douglas"],"dc:creator":["Bradley, Lena Lopez"],"dc:description.abstract":["Research suggests that couples seek connection and equality within the marital relationship, yet they continue to struggle due to the continued impact of traditional gender ideologies (Coontz, 2006; Knudson-Martin & Mahoney 2009). The current body of literature reveals little about how specific relational negotiation practices contribute to attaining an equal and connected relationship over time. This study utilizes grounded theory methodology and a feminist social constructionist framework to explore how traditional gender constructs impact couples’ ability to negotiate connected egalitarianism within relationship over time.
The analysis of 68 interviews with two sets of couples—parents of children 5 years old and younger (i.e. short-term couples) and couples together at least 10 years with the oldest child aged 6-16 (i.e. long-term couples) —identified relational gender role ambiguity as a core dimension facing couples. The ambiguity resides in the desire to maintain connection in the relationship despite conflicting internal and external messages about traditional gender beliefs and shifting beliefs and practices that revolve around egalitarian ideals. Couples’ responded through four primary styles of relationship management: gendered disengagement, gendered reciprocity, relational disengagement, and relational reciprocity.
Results indicate the need for both partners to engage in explicit relational practices that promote reciprocal emotional connection. Overall, men describe increasing their relational awareness in the marital dyad, but women continue to maintain primary responsibility for the push towards relational awareness. Women raise men’s relational awareness primarily by increasing explicit negotiation practices. As a result, many men in the study report learning how to acknowledge and recognize the value of emotional connectedness for the health and longevity of relationship.
Findings provide important information about how couples are attempting to take evolving relationship ideologies and create a contemporary relational model that represents the connection couples seek to achieve. In addition, this study enhances the field of marriage and family therapy in ways to not only bring about more awareness for couples but assist in creating more connection and equality within marriage. Finally, these findings highlight that partner negotiation is necessary at all stages of relational development.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/115"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:rights":["This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has granted Loma Linda University a limited, non-exclusive right to make this publication available to the public. The author retains all other copyrights."],"dc:subject":["Marriage and Family Therapy and Counseling","Marriage; Marital Therapy; Marital psychotherapy; Marriage counseling; Man-woman relationships; Interpersonal Relations; Couples Therapy;","Marital Care","Connected egalitarian relationships","Marital relationships","Feminist social constructionist framework","Gender constructs"],"dc:title":["Negotiating Marital Care: Co-Creating the Connected Egalitarian Relationship"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counseling and Family Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:52:15Z"}