Ultraschalldiagnostik am Karpalgelenk des Rindes

The aim of the present study was to formulate a standardised ultrasonographic examination procedure of the carpal region in cattle. Aided by an experimental filling of the joint pouches, those transducer positions were identified, at which the presence of an added filling can be detected best. The gained insights were then applied to clinical cases. Examinations were made with the real-time ultrasound unit Sonoline Prima (Fa. Siemens), equipped with a 5/7,5-MHz multi-frequency linear transducer. Initially, 8 isolated cadaver specimens were used to update and enlarge the topographic anatomical knowledge, and to recognize the typical ultrasonographic appearance. For the standardised examination procedure, the carpus was divided in 4 horizontal and in 8 vertical planes, which can be discovered by means of prominent bone structures on both young and adult cattle. The resulting 32 planes were scanned horizontally and vertically each, beginning proximally and moving the transducer distally one step at a time. Only the musculus abductor pollicis longus had to be examined in an oblique direction. The examination procedure was applied to 11 carpal joints of healthy cattle of all ages and sexes. The carpal flexor and extensor tendons, partially their tendon sheaths, the medial and lateral collateral ligament, the ligamentum accessoriometacarpeum and the bone surfaces of the carpus could be imaged without greater problems with the exception of the musculus abductor pollicis longus. The ultrasonographic imaging of the larger vessels and the median nerve, running over the palmar and medial aspects of the carpus, required some practice and did not succeed in every case. The antebrachiocarpal joint space, the intercarpal and carpometacarpal joint spaces could be clearly defined as interruptions of the echogenic bone surfaces, whereas the joint pouches could only be detected around the dorsal and the lateral aspects; Their joint capsules could not be identified. The topography of each ultrasonographic picture was explained in detail by means of drawn illustrations and it was compared to frozen anatomical sections. By doing so, a good correlation of structures in ultrasonographic pictures and anatomic parts could be performed. The experimental filling of the joints showed that the filled joint pouches of the carpus could be illustrated most easily close to the puncture sites of joints described in the literature. This worked out best when holding the transducer in a vertical position. Furthermore, 24 cattle with diseases of the carpal region, i.e. arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, and tendovaginitis, could be examined. In conclusion, the following can be stated. The ultrasonographic pictures, illustrations, and frozen anatomical sections that were produced in this work for the different planes, describe nearly all structures of the carpus. On the grounds of these reference images an ultrasonographic examination of both healthy and diseased carpal joints can be performed a lot easier.

Level thesis:degree_level

thesis.doctoral

Grantor dc:publisher

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität

Year

2004

Author dc:creator

• Saule, Christine

Repository record source_url

https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/2138/

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de:2138