Preventive assessment and enhancement of power system voltage stability: an integrated approach of thermal and voltage security
This thesis is devoted to the preventive assessment and enhancement of voltage stability and security in electric power systems. However, in the course of deriving all the proposed methods we have paid attention to keeping them compatible with the (more traditional) handling of thermal overloads, thereby providing a unified treatment of voltage and thermal security. The approaches presented in this work apply to both deregulated environments and classical, vertically integrated ones. The heart of most methods developed in this thesis is : (i) the derivation of sensitivities indicating the relative efficiency of the various bus injections to restore voltage stability or increase an insufficient voltage security margin, and (ii) the use of these sensitivities in linearized security constraints that can be incorporated to various optimization problems. Using this formulation, we deal with three different problems of interest in preventive security analysis: 1) Congestion management. We propose two optimization-based approaches to manage congestions due to voltage instability and/or thermal overload. The control variables are either power injections (generation rescheduling and load curtailment) or power transactions; 2) Computation of Available Transfer Capabilities (ATCs). We determine the simultaneous ATCs of multiple transactions by means of a single optimization-based computation; 3) evaluation of security margins interval. To face the uncertainty affecting power transfers, we present an optimization-based computation of the minimal and maximal margins under the assumption that individual injections vary within specified bounds. Besides this main theme, the thesis offers additional reflections on the: 1) Filtering of contingencies. We propose a simple and reliable technique to filter out harmless contingencies when computing voltage security margins of a large set of contingencies; 2) Evaluation of reactive reserves with respect to a contingency, an important topic for voltage security reasons as well as within the context of a deregulated market where providing reactive reserves is an ancillary service which should be properly paid. Most of the methods proposed in this thesis were successfully tested on realistic power system models. From a practical viewpoint all the above computations have been coupled to the fast time-domain quasi steady-state simulation used in the ASTRE software developed at the University of Liège.
voltage stability and security, thermal security, preventive control, Engineering, computing & technology, Electrical & electronics engineering, Ingénierie, informatique & technologie, Ingénierie électrique & électronique
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