Cross-Cultural Adaptation of a Child Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Measure
Introduction and background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) marks a shift in the perception of health from the mere absence of disease and infirmity to complete physical, mental and social wellbeing. The impact of both general and oral health on quality of life has received increasing attention in recent years. OHRQoL assessments are used in oral health research, surveys and studies evaluating the outcome of oral care. If researchers have no appropriate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measure in their own language, they have two options: to develop a new measure or to modify a measure that has previously been validated in another language, in a process known as cross-cultural adaptation. Aim of thesis: To assess the validity and reliability of Arabic versions of two OHRQoL questionnaires – the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 8-10-year-olds (CPQ8-10) (Jokovic et al, 2003) and Parental Perceptions of Child Oral Health-related Quality of Life (P-CPQ6-14) (Jokovic et al, 2004) among Saudi children aged 8-10 years and their parents respectively. Method: Culturally equivalent Arabic forms of the CPQ8-10 and P-CPQ6-14 were created following the guidelines of Guillemin et al (1993). Seventy-five children aged 8 to 10 years and their parents attending three dental clinics in Alhasa, Saudi Arabia, completed the questionnaires. A further 75 children and their parent from a dental clinic in London and a community clinic were recruited in England. Results: The score means and psychometric properties were similar to the original development scale in the parental and child questionnaires obtained by Jokovic et al (2003) and Jokovic et al (2004) respectively. The Saudi version of the CPQ8-10 also showed good internal consistency for all subscales and the total scale (all Cronbach’s alpha > 0.50). There were no significant differences in OHRQoL for children in the two national samples for the total scale and subscales (p > 0.05), except for social wellbeing (p = 0.018). Comparison of Saudi and English parents found no significant differences on the total scales or any subscales (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: The Arabic versions of the CPQ8-10 and Parental/caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire developed for the study demonstrate cross-cultural equivalence according to the criteria provided by Guillemin et al (1993). The Arabic version of the CPQ8-10 also shows good internal consistency and discriminant validity. In order to assess the change of oral health status and quality of life over time, a prospective study with appropriate sample size is recommended.
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