Aquaponics and plant-based consumption : a Nordic perspective : evaluating attitudes towards aquaponics among vegan and vegetarian consumers in Iceland and Sweden
The Nordic countries, recognised for their innovative approach to sustainable development, are experiencing a rise in part of their populations becoming vegan and vegetarian. However, with limited arable land these nations face challenges in reaching The Sustainable Development Goals of zero hunger and sustainable production, which emphasises the need for advanced food production systems in the region. Aquaponics, a method integrating aquaculture and hydroponics, offers a potential solution but raises ethical concerns for vegans who avoid any use of animal products. This study was conducted with 31 survey participants and 13 interview respondents across Iceland and Sweden to explore the perspectives of vegans, vegetarians, flexitarians, and pescatarians towards aquaponics. The study utilised risk evaluation and moral foundation theories to further deepen the understanding of the participants perceptions, as both internal and external motivations can influence attitudes. Results revealed that 45.2% of respondents considered aquaponics incompatible with vegan principles. Vegans expressed predominantly negative attitudes, vegetarians were neutral, and flexitarians and pescatarians held positive views. Perceptions were shaped by factors such as dietary preference, country of residence, and personal motivations. Key concerns included animal welfare, environmental impact, and health implications. Swedish respondents prioritised environmental concerns, while Icelandic respondents focused on animal rights. Furthermore, current media coverage was identified as a possible external motivation influencing attitudes in Iceland. These findings emphasise the importance of tailored communication strategies to engage vegan and vegetarian audiences in sustainable food practices involving animal-based systems.
Fiskeldisfræði, Vatnsræktun, Fiskeldi, Vegan, Meistaraprófsritgerðir
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