{"id":{"repo_id":"heriot-watt","oai_identifier":"oai:ros.hw.ac.uk:10399/2331"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/heriot-watt/oai:ros.hw.ac.uk:10399/2331","repository":{"repo_id":"heriot-watt","name":"Heriot-Watt University","base_url":"https://www.ros.hw.ac.uk/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Solvothermal synthesis and characterisation of novel Gallium-sulphide compounds","abstract":"In this thesis, novel supertetrahedral gallium-sulphide compounds were synthesised under solvothermal conditions. Three-dimensional frameworks, which are analogous to previously reported structures, along with a large number of new hybrid supertetrahedral compounds were produced. Inorganic three-dimensional structures were obtained using dimethylamine as a template/solvent. In total, four different inorganic frameworks were prepared. They consist of double interpenetrated diamond lattices, containing diverse building units. The first two are formed of [Ga10S20]10- and [Ga10S19O]10- respectively, while the other two consist of alternating clusters of [M4Ga16S35]14- (M= Zn or Co) and [Ga10S20]10-. To date, only one type of hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral cluster with stoichiometry [Ga4S6L4] (L= Ncoordinated amine) has been described in the literature. The hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral structures, reported in Chapter 4, are based on clusters of general stoichiometry [Ga10S16L4]2-. It is shown that the combination of mono and polydentate pyridine ligands leads to formation of multi-functionalised clusters. These multifunctionalised clusters are connected through the ligands, building extended structures. In most cases, the structures are formed by interpenetrated elements such as quadruplestranted helical nano-tubes. These nano-tubes are extremely rare and consist of organically functionalised supertetrahedra connected through 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, [C2H8N]2[Ga10S16(N2C12H12)(NC2H7)2]. In addition, the structure is noncentrosymmetric and a chiral solid. Other extended structures consist of twodimensional covalent organic-inorganic networks such as [C7H10N]2[Ga10S16(NC7H9) (N2C12H10)3/2], containing layers with a honey-comb topology. Also, [C5H6N]3 [Ga10S16 (OH)(N2C13H14)] is formed by supertetrahedral composite layers consist of a corrugated two-dimensional network with a (4, 4) topology. Structures containing other building blocks have also been produced. These contain one-dimensional chains which are based on edge-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra along with a two-dimensional structure consisting of neutral hybrid layers of [(C6H14N2)4Ga6S9]. The materials have been characterised by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and FTIR. The optical properties have been studied using UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Ion-exchange experiments and BET surface area/pore size distribution analysis have been carried out to determine the ion-exchange capacity for the three-dimensional structure.","abstract_html":"In this thesis, novel supertetrahedral gallium-sulphide compounds were synthesised under solvothermal conditions. Three-dimensional frameworks, which are analogous to previously reported structures, along with a large number of new hybrid supertetrahedral compounds were produced. Inorganic three-dimensional structures were obtained using dimethylamine as a template/solvent. In total, four different inorganic frameworks were prepared. They consist of double interpenetrated diamond lattices, containing diverse building units. The first two are formed of [Ga10S20]10- and [Ga10S19O]10- respectively, while the other two consist of alternating clusters of [M4Ga16S35]14- (M= Zn or Co) and [Ga10S20]10-. To date, only one type of hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral cluster with stoichiometry [Ga4S6L4] (L= Ncoordinated amine) has been described in the literature. The hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral structures, reported in Chapter 4, are based on clusters of general stoichiometry [Ga10S16L4]2-. It is shown that the combination of mono and polydentate pyridine ligands leads to formation of multi-functionalised clusters. These multifunctionalised clusters are connected through the ligands, building extended structures. In most cases, the structures are formed by interpenetrated elements such as quadruplestranted helical nano-tubes. These nano-tubes are extremely rare and consist of organically functionalised supertetrahedra connected through 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, [C2H8N]2[Ga10S16(N2C12H12)(NC2H7)2]. In addition, the structure is noncentrosymmetric and a chiral solid. Other extended structures consist of twodimensional covalent organic-inorganic networks such as [C7H10N]2[Ga10S16(NC7H9) (N2C12H10)3/2], containing layers with a honey-comb topology. Also, [C5H6N]3 [Ga10S16 (OH)(N2C13H14)] is formed by supertetrahedral composite layers consist of a corrugated two-dimensional network with a (4, 4) topology. Structures containing other building blocks have also been produced. These contain one-dimensional chains which are based on edge-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra along with a two-dimensional structure consisting of neutral hybrid layers of [(C6H14N2)4Ga6S9]. The materials have been characterised by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and FTIR. The optical properties have been studied using UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Ion-exchange experiments and BET surface area/pore size distribution analysis have been carried out to determine the ion-exchange capacity for the three-dimensional structure.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Romero Perez, Maria Lucia"],"institution":"Heriot-Watt University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-04","date_published":"2010-04","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:31:05Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["All items in ROS are protected by the Creative Commons copyright license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/scotland/), with some rights reserved."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2331","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Romero Perez, Maria Lucia"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2010-12-20T12:48:16Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2010-12-20T12:48:16Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2010-04"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Heriot-Watt University","Engineering and Physical Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["All items in ROS are protected by the Creative Commons copyright license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/scotland/), with some rights reserved."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2331"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In this thesis, novel supertetrahedral gallium-sulphide compounds were synthesised under solvothermal conditions. Three-dimensional frameworks, which are analogous to previously reported structures, along with a large number of new hybrid supertetrahedral compounds were produced. Inorganic three-dimensional structures were obtained using dimethylamine as a template/solvent. In total, four different inorganic frameworks were prepared. They consist of double interpenetrated diamond lattices, containing diverse building units. The first two are formed of [Ga10S20]10- and [Ga10S19O]10- respectively, while the other two consist of alternating clusters of [M4Ga16S35]14- (M= Zn or Co) and [Ga10S20]10-. To date, only one type of hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral cluster with stoichiometry [Ga4S6L4] (L= Ncoordinated amine) has been described in the literature. The hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral structures, reported in Chapter 4, are based on clusters of general stoichiometry [Ga10S16L4]2-. It is shown that the combination of mono and polydentate pyridine ligands leads to formation of multi-functionalised clusters. These multifunctionalised clusters are connected through the ligands, building extended structures. In most cases, the structures are formed by interpenetrated elements such as quadruplestranted helical nano-tubes. These nano-tubes are extremely rare and consist of organically functionalised supertetrahedra connected through 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, [C2H8N]2[Ga10S16(N2C12H12)(NC2H7)2]. In addition, the structure is noncentrosymmetric and a chiral solid. Other extended structures consist of twodimensional covalent organic-inorganic networks such as [C7H10N]2[Ga10S16(NC7H9) (N2C12H10)3/2], containing layers with a honey-comb topology. Also, [C5H6N]3 [Ga10S16 (OH)(N2C13H14)] is formed by supertetrahedral composite layers consist of a corrugated two-dimensional network with a (4, 4) topology. Structures containing other building blocks have also been produced. These contain one-dimensional chains which are based on edge-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra along with a two-dimensional structure consisting of neutral hybrid layers of [(C6H14N2)4Ga6S9]. The materials have been characterised by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and FTIR. The optical properties have been studied using UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Ion-exchange experiments and BET surface area/pore size distribution analysis have been carried out to determine the ion-exchange capacity for the three-dimensional structure."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Solvothermal synthesis and characterisation of novel Gallium-sulphide compounds"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Romero Perez, Maria Lucia"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2010-12-20T12:48:16Z"],"dc:date.available":["2010-12-20T12:48:16Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2010-04"],"dc:description.abstract":["In this thesis, novel supertetrahedral gallium-sulphide compounds were synthesised under solvothermal conditions. Three-dimensional frameworks, which are analogous to previously reported structures, along with a large number of new hybrid supertetrahedral compounds were produced. Inorganic three-dimensional structures were obtained using dimethylamine as a template/solvent. In total, four different inorganic frameworks were prepared. They consist of double interpenetrated diamond lattices, containing diverse building units. The first two are formed of [Ga10S20]10- and [Ga10S19O]10- respectively, while the other two consist of alternating clusters of [M4Ga16S35]14- (M= Zn or Co) and [Ga10S20]10-. To date, only one type of hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral cluster with stoichiometry [Ga4S6L4] (L= Ncoordinated amine) has been described in the literature. The hybrid gallium-sulphide supertetrahedral structures, reported in Chapter 4, are based on clusters of general stoichiometry [Ga10S16L4]2-. It is shown that the combination of mono and polydentate pyridine ligands leads to formation of multi-functionalised clusters. These multifunctionalised clusters are connected through the ligands, building extended structures. In most cases, the structures are formed by interpenetrated elements such as quadruplestranted helical nano-tubes. These nano-tubes are extremely rare and consist of organically functionalised supertetrahedra connected through 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene, [C2H8N]2[Ga10S16(N2C12H12)(NC2H7)2]. In addition, the structure is noncentrosymmetric and a chiral solid. Other extended structures consist of twodimensional covalent organic-inorganic networks such as [C7H10N]2[Ga10S16(NC7H9) (N2C12H10)3/2], containing layers with a honey-comb topology. Also, [C5H6N]3 [Ga10S16 (OH)(N2C13H14)] is formed by supertetrahedral composite layers consist of a corrugated two-dimensional network with a (4, 4) topology. Structures containing other building blocks have also been produced. These contain one-dimensional chains which are based on edge-sharing GaS4 tetrahedra along with a two-dimensional structure consisting of neutral hybrid layers of [(C6H14N2)4Ga6S9]. The materials have been characterised by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and FTIR. The optical properties have been studied using UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy. Ion-exchange experiments and BET surface area/pore size distribution analysis have been carried out to determine the ion-exchange capacity for the three-dimensional structure."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2331"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Heriot-Watt University","Engineering and Physical Sciences"],"dc:rights":["All items in ROS are protected by the Creative Commons copyright license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/scotland/), with some rights reserved."],"dc:title":["Solvothermal synthesis and characterisation of novel Gallium-sulphide compounds"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:31:05Z"}