{"id":{"repo_id":"helsinki","oai_identifier":"oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/588212"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/helsinki/oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/588212","repository":{"repo_id":"helsinki","name":"University of Helsinki","base_url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Thriving pigs : studies on weight and fecal Lactobacillaceae","abstract":"During the past 20 years the number of pork production farms in Finland has decreased but they have become larger. As farms have expanded, litter sizes have grown. With growing litter sizes, piglet birthweight decreases and preweaning mortality increases. Finnish farms differ from most European farms in a modest and prudent antimicrobial use and having had a ban on tail-docking for over 20 years. Finland is, however, not free of pig-directed manipulative behavior, such as tail biting. Tail biting is a multi-factorial problem and recently also associations between manipulative behavior and the gut microbiota have been suggested. The piglet gut microbiota develops and increases in diversity and richness as the pig grows older. Higher diversity and richness are commonly associated with better health, whereas low diversity may increase susceptibility to dis-eases. Lactobacillaceae are one of the dominant bacterial families through-out the development of the gut microbiota. They also seem to influence the behavior of pigs as they can protect them from anxiety and depression. This thesis analyses longitudinal follow-up data and fecal samples of pigs from birth to slaughter on five Finnish farms. The aim is to better under-stand the challenges in pork production related to pig birthweight in connec-tion to survival and need for first antimicrobial medication, as well as the pig fecal microbiota in connection with health, growth performance, and behav-ior. Are lightweight piglets less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment compared to piglets born heavier? Further, do pigs showing better growth performance have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to pigs with poorer growth? Finally, do pigs that do not engage in any manipulative behavior have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to manipulator pigs? The first study explored the likelihood of lightweight piglets reaching slaugh-ter age as well as whether being born lightweight was associated with an in-creased need for antimicrobial medication. The results showed that weight influenced piglet survival (p<0.001) and lightweight piglets had four times higher odds of dying before reaching slaughter age than heavyweight piglets. Lightweight piglets also had 2.35 times higher odds of being medicated than heavyweight piglets (p=0.05). The first weeks of life were the most difficult ones for piglets, with the highest mortality (p<0.05) and more medication administered (p=0.001). In addition, the sex of the piglet was significant (p=0.002), castrated males having 1.81 times higher odds of dying compared with females. Antimicrobial medication during suckling influenced the sur-vival of the pigs (p=0.002) – treated pigs had 1.67 times higher odds of dying compared with non-treated pigs. More than half (58%) of the pigs treated during suckling were treated a second time later in life. Piglets born to gilts (first parity sows) had 1.56 times higher odds of being treated with antimi-crobials for the first time compared with piglets born to sows of second or higher parities (p<0.001). The second study investigated associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with pig growth, seeking a difference between well and poorly growing pigs. Dur-ing the initial exposure phase, piglets from the development group Good were associated with higher Lactobacillaceae abundance (p=0.05) com-pared with piglets from group Poorly. Group Good also tended (p=0.07) to have more Lactobacillaceae species in the initial exposure phase compared with group Poorly. Finally, in the stable phase, group Good maintained a higher (p=0.02) average number of Lactobacillaceae species compared with group Poorly. The third study concerned associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with manipulative behavior in pigs, comparing the possible differences between manipulator and control pigs. The results showed a tendency for control pigs to have a higher average number of Lactobacillaceae species (p=0.099) compared with manipulator pigs. A significant interaction of sex and status (manipulator or control pig) was recorded for Lactobacillus amylovorus (p=0.005) as well as a similar tendency for Limosilactobacillus reuteri (p=0.09). This thesis confirms lightweight piglets to be less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment. Further, associations between fecal Lactobacillaceae and growth performance as well as pig be-havior were established. Perhaps in the future, diversity of microbiota could reinforce growth, especially that of lightweight piglets, and non-damaging behavior in pigs. This could help keep more pigs alive and healthy until slaughter.","abstract_html":"During the past 20 years the number of pork production farms in Finland has decreased but they have become larger. As farms have expanded, litter sizes have grown. With growing litter sizes, piglet birthweight decreases and preweaning mortality increases. Finnish farms differ from most European farms in a modest and prudent antimicrobial use and having had a ban on tail-docking for over 20 years. Finland is, however, not free of pig-directed manipulative behavior, such as tail biting. Tail biting is a multi-factorial problem and recently also associations between manipulative behavior and the gut microbiota have been suggested. The piglet gut microbiota develops and increases in diversity and richness as the pig grows older. Higher diversity and richness are commonly associated with better health, whereas low diversity may increase susceptibility to dis-eases. Lactobacillaceae are one of the dominant bacterial families through-out the development of the gut microbiota. They also seem to influence the behavior of pigs as they can protect them from anxiety and depression. This thesis analyses longitudinal follow-up data and fecal samples of pigs from birth to slaughter on five Finnish farms. The aim is to better under-stand the challenges in pork production related to pig birthweight in connec-tion to survival and need for first antimicrobial medication, as well as the pig fecal microbiota in connection with health, growth performance, and behav-ior. Are lightweight piglets less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment compared to piglets born heavier? Further, do pigs showing better growth performance have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to pigs with poorer growth? Finally, do pigs that do not engage in any manipulative behavior have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to manipulator pigs? The first study explored the likelihood of lightweight piglets reaching slaugh-ter age as well as whether being born lightweight was associated with an in-creased need for antimicrobial medication. The results showed that weight influenced piglet survival (p&lt;0.001) and lightweight piglets had four times higher odds of dying before reaching slaughter age than heavyweight piglets. Lightweight piglets also had 2.35 times higher odds of being medicated than heavyweight piglets (p=0.05). The first weeks of life were the most difficult ones for piglets, with the highest mortality (p&lt;0.05) and more medication administered (p=0.001). In addition, the sex of the piglet was significant (p=0.002), castrated males having 1.81 times higher odds of dying compared with females. Antimicrobial medication during suckling influenced the sur-vival of the pigs (p=0.002) – treated pigs had 1.67 times higher odds of dying compared with non-treated pigs. More than half (58%) of the pigs treated during suckling were treated a second time later in life. Piglets born to gilts (first parity sows) had 1.56 times higher odds of being treated with antimi-crobials for the first time compared with piglets born to sows of second or higher parities (p&lt;0.001). The second study investigated associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with pig growth, seeking a difference between well and poorly growing pigs. Dur-ing the initial exposure phase, piglets from the development group Good were associated with higher Lactobacillaceae abundance (p=0.05) com-pared with piglets from group Poorly. Group Good also tended (p=0.07) to have more Lactobacillaceae species in the initial exposure phase compared with group Poorly. Finally, in the stable phase, group Good maintained a higher (p=0.02) average number of Lactobacillaceae species compared with group Poorly. The third study concerned associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with manipulative behavior in pigs, comparing the possible differences between manipulator and control pigs. The results showed a tendency for control pigs to have a higher average number of Lactobacillaceae species (p=0.099) compared with manipulator pigs. A significant interaction of sex and status (manipulator or control pig) was recorded for Lactobacillus amylovorus (p=0.005) as well as a similar tendency for Limosilactobacillus reuteri (p=0.09). This thesis confirms lightweight piglets to be less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment. Further, associations between fecal Lactobacillaceae and growth performance as well as pig be-havior were established. Perhaps in the future, diversity of microbiota could reinforce growth, especially that of lightweight piglets, and non-damaging behavior in pigs. This could help keep more pigs alive and healthy until slaughter.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["König, Emilia"],"institution":"University of Helsinki","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-12-13","date_published":"2024-12-13","updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z","subjects":["eläinlääketiede"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.","Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.","Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/588212","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"source_record":{"url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/oai/request?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=dim&identifier=oai%3Ahelda.helsinki.fi%3A10138%2F588212","prefix":"dim"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["König, Emilia"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-11-21T10:29:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-11-21T10:29:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2024-12-13"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Helsinki","Helsingin yliopisto","Helsingfors universitet"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["eläinlääketiede"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.","Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.","Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10138/588212"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["During the past 20 years the number of pork production farms in Finland has decreased but they have become larger. As farms have expanded, litter sizes have grown. With growing litter sizes, piglet birthweight decreases and preweaning mortality increases. Finnish farms differ from most European farms in a modest and prudent antimicrobial use and having had a ban on tail-docking for over 20 years. Finland is, however, not free of pig-directed manipulative behavior, such as tail biting. Tail biting is a multi-factorial problem and recently also associations between manipulative behavior and the gut microbiota have been suggested. The piglet gut microbiota develops and increases in diversity and richness as the pig grows older. Higher diversity and richness are commonly associated with better health, whereas low diversity may increase susceptibility to dis-eases. Lactobacillaceae are one of the dominant bacterial families through-out the development of the gut microbiota. They also seem to influence the behavior of pigs as they can protect them from anxiety and depression. This thesis analyses longitudinal follow-up data and fecal samples of pigs from birth to slaughter on five Finnish farms. The aim is to better under-stand the challenges in pork production related to pig birthweight in connec-tion to survival and need for first antimicrobial medication, as well as the pig fecal microbiota in connection with health, growth performance, and behav-ior. Are lightweight piglets less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment compared to piglets born heavier? Further, do pigs showing better growth performance have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to pigs with poorer growth? Finally, do pigs that do not engage in any manipulative behavior have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to manipulator pigs? The first study explored the likelihood of lightweight piglets reaching slaugh-ter age as well as whether being born lightweight was associated with an in-creased need for antimicrobial medication. The results showed that weight influenced piglet survival (p<0.001) and lightweight piglets had four times higher odds of dying before reaching slaughter age than heavyweight piglets. Lightweight piglets also had 2.35 times higher odds of being medicated than heavyweight piglets (p=0.05). The first weeks of life were the most difficult ones for piglets, with the highest mortality (p<0.05) and more medication administered (p=0.001). In addition, the sex of the piglet was significant (p=0.002), castrated males having 1.81 times higher odds of dying compared with females. Antimicrobial medication during suckling influenced the sur-vival of the pigs (p=0.002) – treated pigs had 1.67 times higher odds of dying compared with non-treated pigs. More than half (58%) of the pigs treated during suckling were treated a second time later in life. Piglets born to gilts (first parity sows) had 1.56 times higher odds of being treated with antimi-crobials for the first time compared with piglets born to sows of second or higher parities (p<0.001). The second study investigated associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with pig growth, seeking a difference between well and poorly growing pigs. Dur-ing the initial exposure phase, piglets from the development group Good were associated with higher Lactobacillaceae abundance (p=0.05) com-pared with piglets from group Poorly. Group Good also tended (p=0.07) to have more Lactobacillaceae species in the initial exposure phase compared with group Poorly. Finally, in the stable phase, group Good maintained a higher (p=0.02) average number of Lactobacillaceae species compared with group Poorly. The third study concerned associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with manipulative behavior in pigs, comparing the possible differences between manipulator and control pigs. The results showed a tendency for control pigs to have a higher average number of Lactobacillaceae species (p=0.099) compared with manipulator pigs. A significant interaction of sex and status (manipulator or control pig) was recorded for Lactobacillus amylovorus (p=0.005) as well as a similar tendency for Limosilactobacillus reuteri (p=0.09). This thesis confirms lightweight piglets to be less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment. Further, associations between fecal Lactobacillaceae and growth performance as well as pig be-havior were established. Perhaps in the future, diversity of microbiota could reinforce growth, especially that of lightweight piglets, and non-damaging behavior in pigs. This could help keep more pigs alive and healthy until slaughter.","Tässä väitöskirjassa pohditaan sikojen terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin liittyviä kysymyksiä kahdesta eri näkökulmasta: 1) porsaiden alhaisen syntymäpainon yhteyttä niiden selviytymiseen teurasikään asti sekä ensimmäisen antibioottihoidon tarpeeseen, 2) laktobasillien monimuotoisuuden ja runsauden yhteyttä porsaiden kasvuun sekä häiriökäyttäytymiseen. Suomessa sikatilojen kehityssuunta noudattaa muun maailman mallia – tilojen määrä vähenee, mutta niiden koko on kasvussa. Porsaat syntyvät yhä suurempiin pahnueisiin, mikä tuo mukanaan syntymäpainojen laskua ja suurempaa kuolleisuutta ensimmäisten elinviikkojen aikana. Tämän väitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, että pienenä syntyneet porsaat kuolivat neljä kertaa todennäköisemmin ennen teurastusikää kuin suuremmat porsaat. Lisäksi pienenä syntyneitä porsaita lääkittiin yli kaksi kertaa todennäköisemmin antibiooteilla kuin kookkaampia porsaita. Tutkimuksessa selvisi myös, että yli puolet ennen vieroitusta antibiooteilla lääkityistä porsaista, lääkittiin toistamiseen myöhemmin. Lisääntyvä kiinnostus suolistomikrobiston vaikutuksesta kehoon, kehitykseen, ja terveyteen ulottuu myös tuotantoeläimiin. Suolistomikrobiston monimuotoisuus ja runsaus kehittyy ajan kuluessa – ensimmäisten elinpäivien ja viikkojen luodessa pohjan aikuisiän mikrobistokirjolle. Yleisesti ajatellaan: mitä monimuotoisempi ja runsaampi mikrobisto, sitä parempi terveys. Laktobasillit kuuluvat suoliston vallitseviin bakteerilajeihin, joista osalla on todettu olevan myönteisiä vaikutuksia muun muassa isäntäeläimen mielentilaan. Tässä väitöskirjassa keskivertoa paremmin kasvavilla porsailla todettiin olevan sekä määrällisesti enemmän laktobasilleja ensimmäisten viikkojen aikana että vaihtelevampi lajikirjo teurasikä saavutettaessa. Vastaavasti häiriökäyttäytyvillä sioilla oli taipumusta alhaisempaan laktobasillimonimuotoisuuteen. Laktobasillien esiintymisen, sikojen kasvun ja käyttäytymisen välillä löytyi yhteyksiä, mutta näiden tulosten perusteella ei voida vielä ottaa kantaa syy-seuraus-suhteisiin. Jos tulevaisuudessa selviäisi, että monimuotoisempi laktobasillikirjo lisäisi kasvua ja vähentäisi häiriökäyttäytymistä, voitaisiin päätellä, että toimivalla mikrobilisällä voidaan tukea (varsinkin pienten) porsaiden kasvua ja vähentää häiriökäyttäytymistä tiloilla. Tämä tukisi eläinten selviytymistä, terveyttä ja hyvinvointia teurasikään asti."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Thriving pigs : studies on weight and fecal Lactobacillaceae"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["König, Emilia"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-11-21T10:29:22Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-11-21T10:29:22Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2024-12-13"],"dc:description.abstract":["During the past 20 years the number of pork production farms in Finland has decreased but they have become larger. As farms have expanded, litter sizes have grown. With growing litter sizes, piglet birthweight decreases and preweaning mortality increases. Finnish farms differ from most European farms in a modest and prudent antimicrobial use and having had a ban on tail-docking for over 20 years. Finland is, however, not free of pig-directed manipulative behavior, such as tail biting. Tail biting is a multi-factorial problem and recently also associations between manipulative behavior and the gut microbiota have been suggested. The piglet gut microbiota develops and increases in diversity and richness as the pig grows older. Higher diversity and richness are commonly associated with better health, whereas low diversity may increase susceptibility to dis-eases. Lactobacillaceae are one of the dominant bacterial families through-out the development of the gut microbiota. They also seem to influence the behavior of pigs as they can protect them from anxiety and depression. This thesis analyses longitudinal follow-up data and fecal samples of pigs from birth to slaughter on five Finnish farms. The aim is to better under-stand the challenges in pork production related to pig birthweight in connec-tion to survival and need for first antimicrobial medication, as well as the pig fecal microbiota in connection with health, growth performance, and behav-ior. Are lightweight piglets less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment compared to piglets born heavier? Further, do pigs showing better growth performance have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to pigs with poorer growth? Finally, do pigs that do not engage in any manipulative behavior have a more diverse Lactobacil-laceae profile compared to manipulator pigs? The first study explored the likelihood of lightweight piglets reaching slaugh-ter age as well as whether being born lightweight was associated with an in-creased need for antimicrobial medication. The results showed that weight influenced piglet survival (p<0.001) and lightweight piglets had four times higher odds of dying before reaching slaughter age than heavyweight piglets. Lightweight piglets also had 2.35 times higher odds of being medicated than heavyweight piglets (p=0.05). The first weeks of life were the most difficult ones for piglets, with the highest mortality (p<0.05) and more medication administered (p=0.001). In addition, the sex of the piglet was significant (p=0.002), castrated males having 1.81 times higher odds of dying compared with females. Antimicrobial medication during suckling influenced the sur-vival of the pigs (p=0.002) – treated pigs had 1.67 times higher odds of dying compared with non-treated pigs. More than half (58%) of the pigs treated during suckling were treated a second time later in life. Piglets born to gilts (first parity sows) had 1.56 times higher odds of being treated with antimi-crobials for the first time compared with piglets born to sows of second or higher parities (p<0.001). The second study investigated associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with pig growth, seeking a difference between well and poorly growing pigs. Dur-ing the initial exposure phase, piglets from the development group Good were associated with higher Lactobacillaceae abundance (p=0.05) com-pared with piglets from group Poorly. Group Good also tended (p=0.07) to have more Lactobacillaceae species in the initial exposure phase compared with group Poorly. Finally, in the stable phase, group Good maintained a higher (p=0.02) average number of Lactobacillaceae species compared with group Poorly. The third study concerned associations of the fecal Lactobacillaceae with manipulative behavior in pigs, comparing the possible differences between manipulator and control pigs. The results showed a tendency for control pigs to have a higher average number of Lactobacillaceae species (p=0.099) compared with manipulator pigs. A significant interaction of sex and status (manipulator or control pig) was recorded for Lactobacillus amylovorus (p=0.005) as well as a similar tendency for Limosilactobacillus reuteri (p=0.09). This thesis confirms lightweight piglets to be less likely to reach slaughter age and more likely to need antimicrobial treatment. Further, associations between fecal Lactobacillaceae and growth performance as well as pig be-havior were established. Perhaps in the future, diversity of microbiota could reinforce growth, especially that of lightweight piglets, and non-damaging behavior in pigs. This could help keep more pigs alive and healthy until slaughter.","Tässä väitöskirjassa pohditaan sikojen terveyteen ja hyvinvointiin liittyviä kysymyksiä kahdesta eri näkökulmasta: 1) porsaiden alhaisen syntymäpainon yhteyttä niiden selviytymiseen teurasikään asti sekä ensimmäisen antibioottihoidon tarpeeseen, 2) laktobasillien monimuotoisuuden ja runsauden yhteyttä porsaiden kasvuun sekä häiriökäyttäytymiseen. Suomessa sikatilojen kehityssuunta noudattaa muun maailman mallia – tilojen määrä vähenee, mutta niiden koko on kasvussa. Porsaat syntyvät yhä suurempiin pahnueisiin, mikä tuo mukanaan syntymäpainojen laskua ja suurempaa kuolleisuutta ensimmäisten elinviikkojen aikana. Tämän väitöskirjan tulokset osoittavat, että pienenä syntyneet porsaat kuolivat neljä kertaa todennäköisemmin ennen teurastusikää kuin suuremmat porsaat. Lisäksi pienenä syntyneitä porsaita lääkittiin yli kaksi kertaa todennäköisemmin antibiooteilla kuin kookkaampia porsaita. Tutkimuksessa selvisi myös, että yli puolet ennen vieroitusta antibiooteilla lääkityistä porsaista, lääkittiin toistamiseen myöhemmin. Lisääntyvä kiinnostus suolistomikrobiston vaikutuksesta kehoon, kehitykseen, ja terveyteen ulottuu myös tuotantoeläimiin. Suolistomikrobiston monimuotoisuus ja runsaus kehittyy ajan kuluessa – ensimmäisten elinpäivien ja viikkojen luodessa pohjan aikuisiän mikrobistokirjolle. Yleisesti ajatellaan: mitä monimuotoisempi ja runsaampi mikrobisto, sitä parempi terveys. Laktobasillit kuuluvat suoliston vallitseviin bakteerilajeihin, joista osalla on todettu olevan myönteisiä vaikutuksia muun muassa isäntäeläimen mielentilaan. Tässä väitöskirjassa keskivertoa paremmin kasvavilla porsailla todettiin olevan sekä määrällisesti enemmän laktobasilleja ensimmäisten viikkojen aikana että vaihtelevampi lajikirjo teurasikä saavutettaessa. Vastaavasti häiriökäyttäytyvillä sioilla oli taipumusta alhaisempaan laktobasillimonimuotoisuuteen. Laktobasillien esiintymisen, sikojen kasvun ja käyttäytymisen välillä löytyi yhteyksiä, mutta näiden tulosten perusteella ei voida vielä ottaa kantaa syy-seuraus-suhteisiin. Jos tulevaisuudessa selviäisi, että monimuotoisempi laktobasillikirjo lisäisi kasvua ja vähentäisi häiriökäyttäytymistä, voitaisiin päätellä, että toimivalla mikrobilisällä voidaan tukea (varsinkin pienten) porsaiden kasvua ja vähentää häiriökäyttäytymistä tiloilla. Tämä tukisi eläinten selviytymistä, terveyttä ja hyvinvointia teurasikään asti."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10138/588212"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["University of Helsinki","Helsingin yliopisto","Helsingfors universitet"],"dc:rights":["This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.","Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.","Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden."],"dc:subject":["eläinlääketiede"],"dc:title":["Thriving pigs : studies on weight and fecal Lactobacillaceae"]},"updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z"}