{"id":{"repo_id":"helsinki","oai_identifier":"oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/339518"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/helsinki/oai:helda.helsinki.fi:10138/339518","repository":{"repo_id":"helsinki","name":"University of Helsinki","base_url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Synergistic effect on wood degradation by interspecific interactions of white and brown rot fungi","abstract":"Wood-rotting fungi play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycles in nature. They have different strategies for wood degradation and utilization of nutrients. Traditionally, wood-rotting fungi have been classified as white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi based on the differences in their wood decay mechanisms. Basidiomycota white rot fungi secrete a wide range of lignocellulose degrading enzymes being the most efficient lignin degraders in nature, while brown rot species primarily depolymerize wood cellulose and hemicellulose leaving modified lignin behind. Ascomycota soft rot fungi depolymerize wood polysaccharides and are able to convert lignin only to some extent. The interspecific interactions of wood-rotting fungi can be synergistic, antagonistic, or additive depending on the fungal and wood species. In nature, the composition of fungal communities and the repertoire of their secreted enzymes change gradually during the succession of the wood decay stages. However, the interaction of fungal communities on wood is relatively poorly understood compared to the action of individual fungal species during wood decay. The hypothesis of this study is that the fungal interactions activate the process of the wood degradation when fungi compete for limited resources. To test the hypothesis, three specific aims were provided: 1) to discover efficient wood-rotting fungal species for co-cultivation tests, 2) to investigate the effects of the fungal co-cultivation in wood degradation, and 3) to analyse the changes of the enzyme activities and the sugar components of the wood by fungal co-cultivation. Based on the screening of fungal strains isolated from fruiting bodies and rotten woods, two brown rot fungi Antrodia sinuosa and Gloeophyllum sepiarium; three white rot fungi Bjerkandera adusta, Heterobasidion annosum, and Phlebiopsis gigantea; and three Ascomycota Trichoderma polysporum, Phoma sp., and Scytalidium lignicola were selected for co-cultivations on different wood species. The wood weight losses, enzyme activities, sugar constituents of woody substrates, and mycelial interactions were analysed from single and co-cultivations on birch, spruce, and pine wood. In the co-cultivations, synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects were observed depending on the fungal species and wood substrate. This study provides the basic knowledge on enzymatic lignocellulose degradation by fungal communities and shows the potential of interspecific fungal interactions in wood degradation.","abstract_html":"Wood-rotting fungi play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycles in nature. They have different strategies for wood degradation and utilization of nutrients. Traditionally, wood-rotting fungi have been classified as white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi based on the differences in their wood decay mechanisms. Basidiomycota white rot fungi secrete a wide range of lignocellulose degrading enzymes being the most efficient lignin degraders in nature, while brown rot species primarily depolymerize wood cellulose and hemicellulose leaving modified lignin behind. Ascomycota soft rot fungi depolymerize wood polysaccharides and are able to convert lignin only to some extent. The interspecific interactions of wood-rotting fungi can be synergistic, antagonistic, or additive depending on the fungal and wood species. In nature, the composition of fungal communities and the repertoire of their secreted enzymes change gradually during the succession of the wood decay stages. However, the interaction of fungal communities on wood is relatively poorly understood compared to the action of individual fungal species during wood decay. The hypothesis of this study is that the fungal interactions activate the process of the wood degradation when fungi compete for limited resources. To test the hypothesis, three specific aims were provided: 1) to discover efficient wood-rotting fungal species for co-cultivation tests, 2) to investigate the effects of the fungal co-cultivation in wood degradation, and 3) to analyse the changes of the enzyme activities and the sugar components of the wood by fungal co-cultivation. Based on the screening of fungal strains isolated from fruiting bodies and rotten woods, two brown rot fungi Antrodia sinuosa and Gloeophyllum sepiarium; three white rot fungi Bjerkandera adusta, Heterobasidion annosum, and Phlebiopsis gigantea; and three Ascomycota Trichoderma polysporum, Phoma sp., and Scytalidium lignicola were selected for co-cultivations on different wood species. The wood weight losses, enzyme activities, sugar constituents of woody substrates, and mycelial interactions were analysed from single and co-cultivations on birch, spruce, and pine wood. In the co-cultivations, synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects were observed depending on the fungal species and wood substrate. This study provides the basic knowledge on enzymatic lignocellulose degradation by fungal communities and shows the potential of interspecific fungal interactions in wood degradation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sugano, Junko"],"institution":"Helsingin yliopisto","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-02-18","date_published":"2022-02-18","updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z","subjects":["faculty of Agriculture and Forestry"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.","This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.","Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10138/339518","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"source_record":{"url":"https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/oai/request?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=dim&identifier=oai%3Ahelda.helsinki.fi%3A10138%2F339518","prefix":"dim"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sugano, Junko"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2022-02-01T06:13:18Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-02-08","2022-02-01T06:13:18Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2022-02-18"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Helsingin yliopisto","Helsingfors universitet","University of Helsinki"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["faculty of Agriculture and Forestry"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.","This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.","Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10138/339518"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Wood-rotting fungi play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycles in nature. They have different strategies for wood degradation and utilization of nutrients. Traditionally, wood-rotting fungi have been classified as white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi based on the differences in their wood decay mechanisms. Basidiomycota white rot fungi secrete a wide range of lignocellulose degrading enzymes being the most efficient lignin degraders in nature, while brown rot species primarily depolymerize wood cellulose and hemicellulose leaving modified lignin behind. Ascomycota soft rot fungi depolymerize wood polysaccharides and are able to convert lignin only to some extent. The interspecific interactions of wood-rotting fungi can be synergistic, antagonistic, or additive depending on the fungal and wood species. In nature, the composition of fungal communities and the repertoire of their secreted enzymes change gradually during the succession of the wood decay stages. However, the interaction of fungal communities on wood is relatively poorly understood compared to the action of individual fungal species during wood decay. The hypothesis of this study is that the fungal interactions activate the process of the wood degradation when fungi compete for limited resources. To test the hypothesis, three specific aims were provided: 1) to discover efficient wood-rotting fungal species for co-cultivation tests, 2) to investigate the effects of the fungal co-cultivation in wood degradation, and 3) to analyse the changes of the enzyme activities and the sugar components of the wood by fungal co-cultivation. Based on the screening of fungal strains isolated from fruiting bodies and rotten woods, two brown rot fungi Antrodia sinuosa and Gloeophyllum sepiarium; three white rot fungi Bjerkandera adusta, Heterobasidion annosum, and Phlebiopsis gigantea; and three Ascomycota Trichoderma polysporum, Phoma sp., and Scytalidium lignicola were selected for co-cultivations on different wood species. The wood weight losses, enzyme activities, sugar constituents of woody substrates, and mycelial interactions were analysed from single and co-cultivations on birch, spruce, and pine wood. In the co-cultivations, synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects were observed depending on the fungal species and wood substrate. This study provides the basic knowledge on enzymatic lignocellulose degradation by fungal communities and shows the potential of interspecific fungal interactions in wood degradation.","Puuta lahottavilla sienillä on tärkeä merkitys hiilen ja typen kiertokulussa. Niillä on erilaisia tapoja hajottaa puuta ja käyttää sitä ravintonaan. Puuta lahottavat sienet voidaan luokitella valko-, rusko- ja katkolahosieniin niiden lahotusmekanismin perusteella. Valkolahottajat hajottavat tehokkaasti kaikkia puun polymeerejä erittämiensä entsyymien avulla, kun taas ruskolahottajat ensisijaisesti hajottavat selluloosaa ja hemiselluloosaa. Myös katkolahosienet hajottavat ensisijaisesti puun polysakkarideja. Lahottajasienten keskinäinen vuorovaikutus voi olla synergististä, antagonistista tai additiivista riippuen, mitkä sienilajit kohtaavat toisensa puun rungolla. Sieniyhteisöjen kokoonpano muuttuu puun lahoamisen eri vaiheissa ja sienten vuorovaikutuksesta tiedetäänkin vielä suhteellisen vähän. Tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa selvittiin, millainen sieniyhteisö lahottaa puuta tehokkaasti kontrolloiduissa yhteiskasvatuskokeissa sekä analysoitiin, miten sienten erittämien entsyymien aktiivisuus muuttuu kasvatuksen aikana. Itiöemistä ja lahopuista eristetyistä sienikannoista valittiin yhteiskasvatukokeisiin ruskolahottajia (kelokääpä ja aidaskääpä)ja valkolahottajia (tuhkakääpä, männynjuurikääpä ja harmaaorvakka), jotka ovat kantasieniä. Kotelosienistä valittiin lajit Trichoderma polysporum, Phoma sp. ja Scytalidium lignicola. Yhteiskasvatuskokeissa mitattiin eri puulajien painohävikkiä sekä muutosta puun polysakkaridien määrässä. Rusko- ja valkolahosienten yhteisviljelmissä huomattiin synergististä vuorovaikutusta hemiselluloosaa hajottavien entsyymien aktiivisuusmittauksissa. Synergististä männyn lahoamista havaittiin aidaskäävän ja tuhkakäävän yhteisviljelmässä, kun taas ruskolahottajasienten aidaskäävän ja kelokäävän yhteisvaikutus männyn, kuusen ja koivun lahoamisessa oli additiivista. Kun tähän sieniyhteisöön lisättiin harmaaorvakka, havaittiin synergististä kuusen lahoamista. Kelokäävän ja tuhkakäävän vuorovaikutus kaikilla tutkituilla puulajeilla oli antagonistista. Tässä tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että sieniyhteisön lajikirjo sekä lahotettava puulaji vaikuttavat sienten väliseen vuorovaikutukseen."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synergistic effect on wood degradation by interspecific interactions of white and brown rot fungi"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Sugano, Junko"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2022-02-01T06:13:18Z"],"dc:date.available":["2022-02-08","2022-02-01T06:13:18Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2022-02-18"],"dc:description.abstract":["Wood-rotting fungi play an important role in carbon and nitrogen cycles in nature. They have different strategies for wood degradation and utilization of nutrients. Traditionally, wood-rotting fungi have been classified as white rot, brown rot, and soft rot fungi based on the differences in their wood decay mechanisms. Basidiomycota white rot fungi secrete a wide range of lignocellulose degrading enzymes being the most efficient lignin degraders in nature, while brown rot species primarily depolymerize wood cellulose and hemicellulose leaving modified lignin behind. Ascomycota soft rot fungi depolymerize wood polysaccharides and are able to convert lignin only to some extent. The interspecific interactions of wood-rotting fungi can be synergistic, antagonistic, or additive depending on the fungal and wood species. In nature, the composition of fungal communities and the repertoire of their secreted enzymes change gradually during the succession of the wood decay stages. However, the interaction of fungal communities on wood is relatively poorly understood compared to the action of individual fungal species during wood decay. The hypothesis of this study is that the fungal interactions activate the process of the wood degradation when fungi compete for limited resources. To test the hypothesis, three specific aims were provided: 1) to discover efficient wood-rotting fungal species for co-cultivation tests, 2) to investigate the effects of the fungal co-cultivation in wood degradation, and 3) to analyse the changes of the enzyme activities and the sugar components of the wood by fungal co-cultivation. Based on the screening of fungal strains isolated from fruiting bodies and rotten woods, two brown rot fungi Antrodia sinuosa and Gloeophyllum sepiarium; three white rot fungi Bjerkandera adusta, Heterobasidion annosum, and Phlebiopsis gigantea; and three Ascomycota Trichoderma polysporum, Phoma sp., and Scytalidium lignicola were selected for co-cultivations on different wood species. The wood weight losses, enzyme activities, sugar constituents of woody substrates, and mycelial interactions were analysed from single and co-cultivations on birch, spruce, and pine wood. In the co-cultivations, synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects were observed depending on the fungal species and wood substrate. This study provides the basic knowledge on enzymatic lignocellulose degradation by fungal communities and shows the potential of interspecific fungal interactions in wood degradation.","Puuta lahottavilla sienillä on tärkeä merkitys hiilen ja typen kiertokulussa. Niillä on erilaisia tapoja hajottaa puuta ja käyttää sitä ravintonaan. Puuta lahottavat sienet voidaan luokitella valko-, rusko- ja katkolahosieniin niiden lahotusmekanismin perusteella. Valkolahottajat hajottavat tehokkaasti kaikkia puun polymeerejä erittämiensä entsyymien avulla, kun taas ruskolahottajat ensisijaisesti hajottavat selluloosaa ja hemiselluloosaa. Myös katkolahosienet hajottavat ensisijaisesti puun polysakkarideja. Lahottajasienten keskinäinen vuorovaikutus voi olla synergististä, antagonistista tai additiivista riippuen, mitkä sienilajit kohtaavat toisensa puun rungolla. Sieniyhteisöjen kokoonpano muuttuu puun lahoamisen eri vaiheissa ja sienten vuorovaikutuksesta tiedetäänkin vielä suhteellisen vähän. Tässä väitöskirjatutkimuksessa selvittiin, millainen sieniyhteisö lahottaa puuta tehokkaasti kontrolloiduissa yhteiskasvatuskokeissa sekä analysoitiin, miten sienten erittämien entsyymien aktiivisuus muuttuu kasvatuksen aikana. Itiöemistä ja lahopuista eristetyistä sienikannoista valittiin yhteiskasvatukokeisiin ruskolahottajia (kelokääpä ja aidaskääpä)ja valkolahottajia (tuhkakääpä, männynjuurikääpä ja harmaaorvakka), jotka ovat kantasieniä. Kotelosienistä valittiin lajit Trichoderma polysporum, Phoma sp. ja Scytalidium lignicola. Yhteiskasvatuskokeissa mitattiin eri puulajien painohävikkiä sekä muutosta puun polysakkaridien määrässä. Rusko- ja valkolahosienten yhteisviljelmissä huomattiin synergististä vuorovaikutusta hemiselluloosaa hajottavien entsyymien aktiivisuusmittauksissa. Synergististä männyn lahoamista havaittiin aidaskäävän ja tuhkakäävän yhteisviljelmässä, kun taas ruskolahottajasienten aidaskäävän ja kelokäävän yhteisvaikutus männyn, kuusen ja koivun lahoamisessa oli additiivista. Kun tähän sieniyhteisöön lisättiin harmaaorvakka, havaittiin synergististä kuusen lahoamista. Kelokäävän ja tuhkakäävän vuorovaikutus kaikilla tutkituilla puulajeilla oli antagonistista. Tässä tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että sieniyhteisön lajikirjo sekä lahotettava puulaji vaikuttavat sienten väliseen vuorovaikutukseen."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10138/339518"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Helsingin yliopisto","Helsingfors universitet","University of Helsinki"],"dc:rights":["Julkaisu on tekijänoikeussäännösten alainen. Teosta voi lukea ja tulostaa henkilökohtaista käyttöä varten. Käyttö kaupallisiin tarkoituksiin on kielletty.","This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.","Publikationen är skyddad av upphovsrätten. Den får läsas och skrivas ut för personligt bruk. Användning i kommersiellt syfte är förbjuden."],"dc:subject":["faculty of Agriculture and Forestry"],"dc:title":["Synergistic effect on wood degradation by interspecific interactions of white and brown rot fungi"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"]},"updated_at":"2026-08-21T22:21:56Z"}