{"id":{"repo_id":"guelph","oai_identifier":"oai:atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca:10214/3853"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/guelph/oai:atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca:10214/3853","repository":{"repo_id":"guelph","name":"University of Guelph","base_url":"https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Mechanisms Maintaining Additive Genetic Variance in Fitness in Red Squirrels","abstract":"A trait must genetically correlate with fitness in order to evolve, however, theory suggests that strong directional selection should erode additive genetic variance (Va) in fitness and limit future evolutionary potential. Sexual antagonism and temporal fluctuations in selection are mechanisms that could maintain Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects could be an additional source of adaptive genetic variation. I used ‘animal models’ to examine a long-term population of red squirrels to determine 1) if either sexual antagonism or temporal fluctuations in selection were maintaining direct Va in fitness or 2) if maternal genetic effects were a source of indirect Va in fitness. While there were environmental trade-offs on juvenile survival, neither sexual antagonism nor temporal fluctuations in selection maintained Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects on fitness were significant and provide the Va in fitness needed for rapid microevolution. This is the first instance of maternal genetic effects demonstrated as the only genetic variance available for microevolution.","abstract_html":"A trait must genetically correlate with fitness in order to evolve, however, theory suggests that strong directional selection should erode additive genetic variance (Va) in fitness and limit future evolutionary potential. Sexual antagonism and temporal fluctuations in selection are mechanisms that could maintain Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects could be an additional source of adaptive genetic variation. I used ‘animal models’ to examine a long-term population of red squirrels to determine 1) if either sexual antagonism or temporal fluctuations in selection were maintaining direct Va in fitness or 2) if maternal genetic effects were a source of indirect Va in fitness. While there were environmental trade-offs on juvenile survival, neither sexual antagonism nor temporal fluctuations in selection maintained Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects on fitness were significant and provide the Va in fitness needed for rapid microevolution. This is the first instance of maternal genetic effects demonstrated as the only genetic variance available for microevolution.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["McFarlane, Samantha Eryn"],"institution":"University of Guelph","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["McAdam, Andrew"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-08-16","date_published":"2012-08-16","updated_at":"2026-08-21T16:45:07Z","subjects":["additive genetic variance","Robertson-Price Identity","fitness","animal model","maternal effects","indirect genetic effects","red squirrels","genetic correlation"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3853","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"source_record":{"url":"https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/server/oai/request?verb=GetRecord&metadataPrefix=dim&identifier=oai%3Aatrium.lib.uoguelph.ca%3A10214%2F3853","prefix":"dim"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["McAdam, Andrew"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["McFarlane, Samantha Eryn"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2012-08-16T21:06:04Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2012-08-16T21:06:04Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2012-08-16"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["University of Guelph"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["additive genetic variance","Robertson-Price Identity","fitness","animal model","maternal effects","indirect genetic effects","red squirrels","genetic correlation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3853"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A trait must genetically correlate with fitness in order to evolve, however, theory suggests that strong directional selection should erode additive genetic variance (Va) in fitness and limit future evolutionary potential. Sexual antagonism and temporal fluctuations in selection are mechanisms that could maintain Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects could be an additional source of adaptive genetic variation. I used ‘animal models’ to examine a long-term population of red squirrels to determine 1) if either sexual antagonism or temporal fluctuations in selection were maintaining direct Va in fitness or 2) if maternal genetic effects were a source of indirect Va in fitness. While there were environmental trade-offs on juvenile survival, neither sexual antagonism nor temporal fluctuations in selection maintained Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects on fitness were significant and provide the Va in fitness needed for rapid microevolution. This is the first instance of maternal genetic effects demonstrated as the only genetic variance available for microevolution."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Mechanisms Maintaining Additive Genetic Variance in Fitness in Red Squirrels"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["McAdam, Andrew"],"dc:creator":["McFarlane, Samantha Eryn"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2012-08-16T21:06:04Z"],"dc:date.available":["2012-08-16T21:06:04Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2012-08-16"],"dc:description.abstract":["A trait must genetically correlate with fitness in order to evolve, however, theory suggests that strong directional selection should erode additive genetic variance (Va) in fitness and limit future evolutionary potential. Sexual antagonism and temporal fluctuations in selection are mechanisms that could maintain Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects could be an additional source of adaptive genetic variation. I used ‘animal models’ to examine a long-term population of red squirrels to determine 1) if either sexual antagonism or temporal fluctuations in selection were maintaining direct Va in fitness or 2) if maternal genetic effects were a source of indirect Va in fitness. While there were environmental trade-offs on juvenile survival, neither sexual antagonism nor temporal fluctuations in selection maintained Va in fitness. Maternal genetic effects on fitness were significant and provide the Va in fitness needed for rapid microevolution. This is the first instance of maternal genetic effects demonstrated as the only genetic variance available for microevolution."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10214/3853"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["University of Guelph"],"dc:subject":["additive genetic variance","Robertson-Price Identity","fitness","animal model","maternal effects","indirect genetic effects","red squirrels","genetic correlation"],"dc:title":["Mechanisms Maintaining Additive Genetic Variance in Fitness in Red Squirrels"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-08-21T16:45:07Z"}