The purpose of this study was to determine if imagery had an effect on putting performance and efficacy levels among college students. Participants were 33 male students taking either an intermediate or beginning golf class. Participants were in one of three groups: 1) imagery, 2) non-imagery, and 3) control. Imagery groups were taught how to do imagery while the non-imagery group practiced using a chalk line. The chalk line was suggested to increase confidence (Steinberg & Glass, 2001). The control group continued to take part in normal class activities. Each participant completed the Golf Putting Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSES) prior to each putt during data collection. Participants in the imagery group completed the Post Imagery Survey (PIS) upon completion of the posttest. Results indicate that from 5 feet there is no change in efficacy levels. From 15 feet there is no change in performance, but there is a change in efficacy levels with efficacy levels increasing over time.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this study was to determine if imagery had an effect on putting performance and efficacy levels among college students. Participants were 33 male students taking either an intermediate or beginning golf class. Participants were in one of three groups: 1) imagery, 2) non-imagery, and 3) control. Imagery groups were taught how to do imagery while the non-imagery group practiced using a chalk line. The chalk line was suggested to increase confidence (Steinberg & Glass, 2001). The control group continued to take part in normal class activities. Each participant completed the Golf Putting Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSES) prior to each putt during data collection. Participants in the imagery group completed the Post Imagery Survey (PIS) upon completion of the posttest. Results indicate that from 5 feet there is no change in efficacy levels. From 15 feet there is no change in performance, but there is a change in efficacy levels with efficacy levels increasing over time. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Daigle, Danny O."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Kinesiology with an Emphasis in Sport Psychology","degree_level":"Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)","degree_discipline":"Department of Health and Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kevin L. Burke","Charles J. Hardy"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2002,"date_issued":"2002-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2002-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:28:22Z","subjects":["ETD","Imagery","Performance","Golf","Self-efficacy","Kinesiology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd_legacy/673","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kevin L. Burke","Charles J. Hardy"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Daigle, Danny O."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["1970-01-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of Health and Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Kinesiology with an Emphasis in Sport Psychology"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ETD","Imagery","Performance","Golf","Self-efficacy","Kinesiology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd_legacy/673"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to determine if imagery had an effect on putting performance and efficacy levels among college students. Participants were 33 male students taking either an intermediate or beginning golf class. Participants were in one of three groups: 1) imagery, 2) non-imagery, and 3) control. Imagery groups were taught how to do imagery while the non-imagery group practiced using a chalk line. The chalk line was suggested to increase confidence (Steinberg & Glass, 2001). The control group continued to take part in normal class activities. Each participant completed the Golf Putting Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSES) prior to each putt during data collection. Participants in the imagery group completed the Post Imagery Survey (PIS) upon completion of the posttest. Results indicate that from 5 feet there is no change in efficacy levels. From 15 feet there is no change in performance, but there is a change in efficacy levels with efficacy levels increasing over time.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An Investigation of the Effects of Mental Imagery on Self-Efficacy among Golfers Performing a Putting Task"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kevin L. Burke","Charles J. Hardy"],"dc:creator":["Daigle, Danny O."],"dc:date.available":["1970-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to determine if imagery had an effect on putting performance and efficacy levels among college students. Participants were 33 male students taking either an intermediate or beginning golf class. Participants were in one of three groups: 1) imagery, 2) non-imagery, and 3) control. Imagery groups were taught how to do imagery while the non-imagery group practiced using a chalk line. The chalk line was suggested to increase confidence (Steinberg & Glass, 2001). The control group continued to take part in normal class activities. Each participant completed the Golf Putting Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSES) prior to each putt during data collection. Participants in the imagery group completed the Post Imagery Survey (PIS) upon completion of the posttest. Results indicate that from 5 feet there is no change in efficacy levels. From 15 feet there is no change in performance, but there is a change in efficacy levels with efficacy levels increasing over time.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd_legacy/673"],"dc:subject":["ETD","Imagery","Performance","Golf","Self-efficacy","Kinesiology"],"dc:title":["An Investigation of the Effects of Mental Imagery on Self-Efficacy among Golfers Performing a Putting Task"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of Health and Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Kinesiology with an Emphasis in Sport Psychology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:28:22Z"}