Psychological disturbances can occur with an increase in training volumes. An increase in training volumes can increase negative mood states and decrease positive mood states. Psychological and physiological measures were examined using 61 Division I collegiate women during a competitive season. The swimmers were categorized into teams that swam high volumes and went through an overtraining phase (OT), which was comprised of three teams. There was also one team that swam lesser volumes and did not go through an overtraining phase (NT). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, a 65-item, 5-point Likert scale design (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1992), was administered three times during the 2001-2002 competitive swimming season: baseline (three to four weeks after the commencement of training), mid-season (10 weeks after the commencement of training), and high volume (14-16 weeks after the commencement ofthe training). A directional scale was administered during the last data collection, the high volumes phase, to determine the degree to which each individual word that make up the subscales were generally facilitating or debilitating. Results showed no statistically significant three-way or two-way interactions for tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and the TMD among the conference teams, training groups, and across time. There were also no time or group effects for the six subscales and the TMD. There were conference effects for depression, anger, fatigue and the TMD The directional scale revealed that vigor facilitated the swimmers the most and depression debilitated the swimmers. These findings suggest that there may have been sufficient recovery during the training season as to not elicit a mood disturbance. Furthermore, adaptation may have occurred in the swimmers during the competitive season. Further research should incorporate self-reporting from swimmers and coaches regarding physiological, psychological, and immunological variables.
","abstract_html":"<p>Psychological disturbances can occur with an increase in training volumes. An increase in training volumes can increase negative mood states and decrease positive mood states. Psychological and physiological measures were examined using 61 Division I collegiate women during a competitive season. The swimmers were categorized into teams that swam high volumes and went through an overtraining phase (OT), which was comprised of three teams. There was also one team that swam lesser volumes and did not go through an overtraining phase (NT). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, a 65-item, 5-point Likert scale design (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1992), was administered three times during the 2001-2002 competitive swimming season: baseline (three to four weeks after the commencement of training), mid-season (10 weeks after the commencement of training), and high volume (14-16 weeks after the commencement ofthe training). A directional scale was administered during the last data collection, the high volumes phase, to determine the degree to which each individual word that make up the subscales were generally facilitating or debilitating. Results showed no statistically significant three-way or two-way interactions for tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and the TMD among the conference teams, training groups, and across time. There were also no time or group effects for the six subscales and the TMD. There were conference effects for depression, anger, fatigue and the TMD The directional scale revealed that vigor facilitated the swimmers the most and depression debilitated the swimmers. These findings suggest that there may have been sufficient recovery during the training season as to not elicit a mood disturbance. Furthermore, adaptation may have occurred in the swimmers during the competitive season. Further research should incorporate self-reporting from swimmers and coaches regarding physiological, psychological, and immunological variables.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bonewit, Hollie M."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Kinesiology with an Emphasis in Sport Psychology","degree_level":"Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)","degree_discipline":"Department of Health and Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kevin L. Burke","Charles J. Hardy"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2002,"date_issued":"2002-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2002-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:28:15Z","subjects":["ETD","Female collegiate swimmers","Training regimens","Mood","Psychological disturbances","The profile of mood states","POMS","Depression","Anger","Fatigue","Total mood disturbance","TMD","Kinesiology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd_legacy/682","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kevin L. Burke","Charles J. 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An increase in training volumes can increase negative mood states and decrease positive mood states. Psychological and physiological measures were examined using 61 Division I collegiate women during a competitive season. The swimmers were categorized into teams that swam high volumes and went through an overtraining phase (OT), which was comprised of three teams. There was also one team that swam lesser volumes and did not go through an overtraining phase (NT). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, a 65-item, 5-point Likert scale design (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1992), was administered three times during the 2001-2002 competitive swimming season: baseline (three to four weeks after the commencement of training), mid-season (10 weeks after the commencement of training), and high volume (14-16 weeks after the commencement ofthe training). A directional scale was administered during the last data collection, the high volumes phase, to determine the degree to which each individual word that make up the subscales were generally facilitating or debilitating. Results showed no statistically significant three-way or two-way interactions for tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and the TMD among the conference teams, training groups, and across time. There were also no time or group effects for the six subscales and the TMD. There were conference effects for depression, anger, fatigue and the TMD The directional scale revealed that vigor facilitated the swimmers the most and depression debilitated the swimmers. These findings suggest that there may have been sufficient recovery during the training season as to not elicit a mood disturbance. Furthermore, adaptation may have occurred in the swimmers during the competitive season. Further research should incorporate self-reporting from swimmers and coaches regarding physiological, psychological, and immunological variables.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Mood Disturbance During a Competitive Season of High Volume Training Between Different Training Regimens of Female Collegiate Swimmers"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kevin L. Burke","Charles J. Hardy"],"dc:creator":["Bonewit, Hollie M."],"dc:date.available":["1970-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Psychological disturbances can occur with an increase in training volumes. An increase in training volumes can increase negative mood states and decrease positive mood states. Psychological and physiological measures were examined using 61 Division I collegiate women during a competitive season. The swimmers were categorized into teams that swam high volumes and went through an overtraining phase (OT), which was comprised of three teams. There was also one team that swam lesser volumes and did not go through an overtraining phase (NT). The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire, a 65-item, 5-point Likert scale design (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1992), was administered three times during the 2001-2002 competitive swimming season: baseline (three to four weeks after the commencement of training), mid-season (10 weeks after the commencement of training), and high volume (14-16 weeks after the commencement ofthe training). A directional scale was administered during the last data collection, the high volumes phase, to determine the degree to which each individual word that make up the subscales were generally facilitating or debilitating. Results showed no statistically significant three-way or two-way interactions for tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and the TMD among the conference teams, training groups, and across time. There were also no time or group effects for the six subscales and the TMD. There were conference effects for depression, anger, fatigue and the TMD The directional scale revealed that vigor facilitated the swimmers the most and depression debilitated the swimmers. These findings suggest that there may have been sufficient recovery during the training season as to not elicit a mood disturbance. Furthermore, adaptation may have occurred in the swimmers during the competitive season. Further research should incorporate self-reporting from swimmers and coaches regarding physiological, psychological, and immunological variables.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd_legacy/682"],"dc:subject":["ETD","Female collegiate swimmers","Training regimens","Mood","Psychological disturbances","The profile of mood states","POMS","Depression","Anger","Fatigue","Total mood disturbance","TMD","Kinesiology"],"dc:title":["Mood Disturbance During a Competitive Season of High Volume Training Between Different Training Regimens of Female Collegiate Swimmers"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of Health and Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Kinesiology with an Emphasis in Sport Psychology"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:28:15Z"}