Research has shown that pre-performance routines positively influence performance of closed and self-paced skills (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Cohn, 1990; Otto et al., 2011). Boutcher and Crews (1987) suggested that pre-performance routines improve performance by helping reduce anxiety along with helping athletes’ retain mental sharpness and focus. Furthermore, several quantitative studies have examined the influence of both behavioral and temporal consistency of pre-performance routines on the success of a skill, yielding inconsistent results (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Lobmeyer & Wasserman, 1986; Lonsdale & Tam, 2008; Jackson, 2003). However, research examining this phenomenon from a qualitative and naturalistic observational perspective is scarce. This four-purpose study sought to examine the influence of (1) temporal and (2) behavioral consistency of pre-performance routines on free throw shooting percentage at the NCAA Division-I level. The final quantitative purpose (3) was to determine if either behavioral or temporal consistency had a stronger association with free throw shooting percentage. Additionally, (4) qualitative interviewing enabled analysis of non-observable aspects of the routine while gaining a deeper understanding of the routine through the participants’ perspective.
","abstract_html":"<p>Research has shown that pre-performance routines positively influence performance of closed and self-paced skills (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Cohn, 1990; Otto et al., 2011). Boutcher and Crews (1987) suggested that pre-performance routines improve performance by helping reduce anxiety along with helping athletes’ retain mental sharpness and focus. Furthermore, several quantitative studies have examined the influence of both behavioral and temporal consistency of pre-performance routines on the success of a skill, yielding inconsistent results (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Lobmeyer & Wasserman, 1986; Lonsdale & Tam, 2008; Jackson, 2003). However, research examining this phenomenon from a qualitative and naturalistic observational perspective is scarce. This four-purpose study sought to examine the influence of (1) temporal and (2) behavioral consistency of pre-performance routines on free throw shooting percentage at the NCAA Division-I level. The final quantitative purpose (3) was to determine if either behavioral or temporal consistency had a stronger association with free throw shooting percentage. Additionally, (4) qualitative interviewing enabled analysis of non-observable aspects of the routine while gaining a deeper understanding of the routine through the participants’ perspective.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Blumberg, Jacob"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Kinesiology (M.S.)","degree_level":"Thesis (open access)","degree_discipline":"Department of Health and Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Brandonn Harris","Trey Burdette"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:52Z","subjects":["ETD","Pre-performance routine","Basketball free throws","Behavioral consistency","Temporal consistency","Qualitative","Quantitative","Kinesiology","Other Psychology","Psychology of Movement","Sports Sciences","Sports Studies"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1101","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Brandonn Harris","Trey Burdette"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Blumberg, Jacob"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-04-30T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of Health and Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis (open access)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Kinesiology (M.S.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ETD","Pre-performance routine","Basketball free throws","Behavioral consistency","Temporal consistency","Qualitative","Quantitative","Kinesiology","Other Psychology","Psychology of Movement","Sports Sciences","Sports Studies"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1101"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Research has shown that pre-performance routines positively influence performance of closed and self-paced skills (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Cohn, 1990; Otto et al., 2011). Boutcher and Crews (1987) suggested that pre-performance routines improve performance by helping reduce anxiety along with helping athletes’ retain mental sharpness and focus. Furthermore, several quantitative studies have examined the influence of both behavioral and temporal consistency of pre-performance routines on the success of a skill, yielding inconsistent results (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Lobmeyer & Wasserman, 1986; Lonsdale & Tam, 2008; Jackson, 2003). However, research examining this phenomenon from a qualitative and naturalistic observational perspective is scarce. This four-purpose study sought to examine the influence of (1) temporal and (2) behavioral consistency of pre-performance routines on free throw shooting percentage at the NCAA Division-I level. The final quantitative purpose (3) was to determine if either behavioral or temporal consistency had a stronger association with free throw shooting percentage. Additionally, (4) qualitative interviewing enabled analysis of non-observable aspects of the routine while gaining a deeper understanding of the routine through the participants’ perspective.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An Examination of Behavioral and Temporal Consistency Of Pre-Performance Routines In NCAA Division I Basketball Free Throw Shooting – A Naturalist Observational Investigation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Brandonn Harris","Trey Burdette"],"dc:creator":["Blumberg, Jacob"],"dc:date.available":["2014-04-30T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Research has shown that pre-performance routines positively influence performance of closed and self-paced skills (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Cohn, 1990; Otto et al., 2011). Boutcher and Crews (1987) suggested that pre-performance routines improve performance by helping reduce anxiety along with helping athletes’ retain mental sharpness and focus. Furthermore, several quantitative studies have examined the influence of both behavioral and temporal consistency of pre-performance routines on the success of a skill, yielding inconsistent results (Boutcher & Crews, 1987; Lobmeyer & Wasserman, 1986; Lonsdale & Tam, 2008; Jackson, 2003). However, research examining this phenomenon from a qualitative and naturalistic observational perspective is scarce. This four-purpose study sought to examine the influence of (1) temporal and (2) behavioral consistency of pre-performance routines on free throw shooting percentage at the NCAA Division-I level. The final quantitative purpose (3) was to determine if either behavioral or temporal consistency had a stronger association with free throw shooting percentage. Additionally, (4) qualitative interviewing enabled analysis of non-observable aspects of the routine while gaining a deeper understanding of the routine through the participants’ perspective.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1101"],"dc:subject":["ETD","Pre-performance routine","Basketball free throws","Behavioral consistency","Temporal consistency","Qualitative","Quantitative","Kinesiology","Other Psychology","Psychology of Movement","Sports Sciences","Sports Studies"],"dc:title":["An Examination of Behavioral and Temporal Consistency Of Pre-Performance Routines In NCAA Division I Basketball Free Throw Shooting – A Naturalist Observational Investigation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of Health and Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis (open access)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Kinesiology (M.S.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:52Z"}