Alien plant species can cause significant economic and biological destruction by invading new environments and outcompeting native species. Through experimental research, the mechanisms by which these species invade can be better understood and applied to their management. Plantago virginica is a perennial herb, native to North America that has recently invaded China. It has been known to reduce crop growth and harbor diseases in the introduced range. A common garden study was conducted at the Georgia Southern University greenhouse, comparing twenty populations of P. virginica from both the native North American and invasive Chinese ranges. I examined if there were genetically based differences in a suite of life history, morphological and reproductive traits between populations from both the native and introduced range. Overall there were significant differences in traits among populations within regions. Specifically, Chinese populations germinated sooner, but produced reproductive structures and seeds later than their North American counterparts. Also, introduced populations had less phenotypic diversity in several traits compared the native populations. These patterns are consistent with the effects of natural selection, however, the role of random genetic drift cannot be ruled out. They also suggest that post-introduction phenotypic evolution has occurred in Chinese populations of P. virginica, contributing to its invasiveness.
","abstract_html":"<p>Alien plant species can cause significant economic and biological destruction by invading new environments and outcompeting native species. Through experimental research, the mechanisms by which these species invade can be better understood and applied to their management. <em>Plantago virginica</em> is a perennial herb, native to North America that has recently invaded China. It has been known to reduce crop growth and harbor diseases in the introduced range. A common garden study was conducted at the Georgia Southern University greenhouse, comparing twenty populations of <em>P. virginica</em> from both the native North American and invasive Chinese ranges. I examined if there were genetically based differences in a suite of life history, morphological and reproductive traits between populations from both the native and introduced range. Overall there were significant differences in traits among populations within regions. Specifically, Chinese populations germinated sooner, but produced reproductive structures and seeds later than their North American counterparts. Also, introduced populations had less phenotypic diversity in several traits compared the native populations. These patterns are consistent with the effects of natural selection, however, the role of random genetic drift cannot be ruled out. They also suggest that post-introduction phenotypic evolution has occurred in Chinese populations of <em>P. virginica</em>, contributing to its invasiveness.<strong></strong></p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Popp, Teresa E"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Biology (M.S.)","degree_level":"Thesis (open access)","degree_discipline":"Department of Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lissa Leege","D. Kelly McLain"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:52Z","subjects":["ETD","Plant invasion","Common garden","Plantago virginica","Competition","Phenotypic variation","Evolved life history traits","Evolution","Plant Biology","Plant Breeding and Genetics","Weed Science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1114","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lissa Leege","D. Kelly McLain"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Popp, Teresa E"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-04-15T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of Biology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis (open access)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Biology (M.S.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ETD","Plant invasion","Common garden","Plantago virginica","Competition","Phenotypic variation","Evolved life history traits","Evolution","Plant Biology","Plant Breeding and Genetics","Weed Science"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1114"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Alien plant species can cause significant economic and biological destruction by invading new environments and outcompeting native species. Through experimental research, the mechanisms by which these species invade can be better understood and applied to their management. Plantago virginica is a perennial herb, native to North America that has recently invaded China. It has been known to reduce crop growth and harbor diseases in the introduced range. A common garden study was conducted at the Georgia Southern University greenhouse, comparing twenty populations of P. virginica from both the native North American and invasive Chinese ranges. I examined if there were genetically based differences in a suite of life history, morphological and reproductive traits between populations from both the native and introduced range. Overall there were significant differences in traits among populations within regions. Specifically, Chinese populations germinated sooner, but produced reproductive structures and seeds later than their North American counterparts. Also, introduced populations had less phenotypic diversity in several traits compared the native populations. These patterns are consistent with the effects of natural selection, however, the role of random genetic drift cannot be ruled out. They also suggest that post-introduction phenotypic evolution has occurred in Chinese populations of P. virginica, contributing to its invasiveness.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Phenotypic Variation in Native North American and Invasive Chinese Populations of Plantago Virginica"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lissa Leege","D. Kelly McLain"],"dc:creator":["Popp, Teresa E"],"dc:date.available":["2014-04-15T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Alien plant species can cause significant economic and biological destruction by invading new environments and outcompeting native species. Through experimental research, the mechanisms by which these species invade can be better understood and applied to their management. Plantago virginica is a perennial herb, native to North America that has recently invaded China. It has been known to reduce crop growth and harbor diseases in the introduced range. A common garden study was conducted at the Georgia Southern University greenhouse, comparing twenty populations of P. virginica from both the native North American and invasive Chinese ranges. I examined if there were genetically based differences in a suite of life history, morphological and reproductive traits between populations from both the native and introduced range. Overall there were significant differences in traits among populations within regions. Specifically, Chinese populations germinated sooner, but produced reproductive structures and seeds later than their North American counterparts. Also, introduced populations had less phenotypic diversity in several traits compared the native populations. These patterns are consistent with the effects of natural selection, however, the role of random genetic drift cannot be ruled out. They also suggest that post-introduction phenotypic evolution has occurred in Chinese populations of P. virginica, contributing to its invasiveness.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1114"],"dc:subject":["ETD","Plant invasion","Common garden","Plantago virginica","Competition","Phenotypic variation","Evolved life history traits","Evolution","Plant Biology","Plant Breeding and Genetics","Weed Science"],"dc:title":["Phenotypic Variation in Native North American and Invasive Chinese Populations of Plantago Virginica"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis (open access)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Biology (M.S.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:52Z"}