The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate supplementation in liquid and bean form on performance, perceived exertion and gastrointestinal response during repeated maximal effort sprints in collegiate female swimmers. On three separate occasions, 7 days a part 16 female (19.87±1.08 yr) collegiate competitive swimmers performed 6 x 100 yard maximal sprint on a 6-minute interval. The participants consumed a total of 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO in for the form of a sport jellybean, CHO liquid or placebo liquid. The 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO was divided into 5 portions so the participants consumed the supplement after each 100-yard sprint. Rated perceived exertion, gut discomfort, gut fullness and timed performance was recorded after each 100 yards. Average gut fullness ratings were found to be significantly higher in the CHO liquid (p = 0.001) and placebo liquid (p p = .004) and placebo liquid (p < .001) than the sport jellybean (5.37±1.73 for the CHO liquid, 5.77±1.06 for the placebo liquid, and 3.90±1.67 for the sport jellybean). Additionally, no significant differences were found in the average RPE ratings between the three supplements (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the average timed performance between the three supplements (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a CHO, in the form of a sport jellybean could be a more appropriate form of CHO to minimize feelings of both gut discomfort and gut fullness during high-intensity training.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate supplementation in liquid and bean form on performance, perceived exertion and gastrointestinal response during repeated maximal effort sprints in collegiate female swimmers. On three separate occasions, 7 days a part 16 female (19.87±1.08 yr) collegiate competitive swimmers performed 6 x 100 yard maximal sprint on a 6-minute interval. The participants consumed a total of 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO in for the form of a sport jellybean, CHO liquid or placebo liquid. The 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO was divided into 5 portions so the participants consumed the supplement after each 100-yard sprint. Rated perceived exertion, gut discomfort, gut fullness and timed performance was recorded after each 100 yards. Average gut fullness ratings were found to be significantly higher in the CHO liquid (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and placebo liquid (<em>p </em>p = .004) and placebo liquid (<em>p</em> < .001) than the sport jellybean (5.37±1.73 for the CHO liquid, 5.77±1.06 for the placebo liquid, and 3.90±1.67 for the sport jellybean). Additionally, no significant differences were found in the average RPE ratings between the three supplements (<em>p </em>> 0.05). No significant difference was found in the average timed performance between the three supplements (<em>p</em> > 0.05). These results suggest that a CHO, in the form of a sport jellybean could be a more appropriate form of CHO to minimize feelings of both gut discomfort and gut fullness during high-intensity training.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Campbell, Ali Maria Elaine, RD"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Kinesiology (M.S.)","degree_level":"Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)","degree_discipline":"Department of Health and Kinesiology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kristina Kendall","Brandonn Harris","Jim McMillan"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:52Z","subjects":["ETD","Carbohydrate","Rated perceived exertion","Competitive Swimmers","Gut Fullness","Gut Discomfort","Sports Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1046","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kristina Kendall","Brandonn Harris","Jim McMillan"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Campbell, Ali Maria Elaine, RD"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-03-04T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of Health and Kinesiology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Kinesiology (M.S.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ETD","Carbohydrate","Rated perceived exertion","Competitive Swimmers","Gut Fullness","Gut Discomfort","Sports Sciences"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1046"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate supplementation in liquid and bean form on performance, perceived exertion and gastrointestinal response during repeated maximal effort sprints in collegiate female swimmers. On three separate occasions, 7 days a part 16 female (19.87±1.08 yr) collegiate competitive swimmers performed 6 x 100 yard maximal sprint on a 6-minute interval. The participants consumed a total of 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO in for the form of a sport jellybean, CHO liquid or placebo liquid. The 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO was divided into 5 portions so the participants consumed the supplement after each 100-yard sprint. Rated perceived exertion, gut discomfort, gut fullness and timed performance was recorded after each 100 yards. Average gut fullness ratings were found to be significantly higher in the CHO liquid (p = 0.001) and placebo liquid (p p = .004) and placebo liquid (p < .001) than the sport jellybean (5.37±1.73 for the CHO liquid, 5.77±1.06 for the placebo liquid, and 3.90±1.67 for the sport jellybean). Additionally, no significant differences were found in the average RPE ratings between the three supplements (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the average timed performance between the three supplements (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a CHO, in the form of a sport jellybean could be a more appropriate form of CHO to minimize feelings of both gut discomfort and gut fullness during high-intensity training.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Carbohydrate Supplementation Forms on Rated Perceived Exertion, Timed Performance and Gastrointestinal Response in Collegiate Female Swimmers"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kristina Kendall","Brandonn Harris","Jim McMillan"],"dc:creator":["Campbell, Ali Maria Elaine, RD"],"dc:date.available":["2019-03-04T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate supplementation in liquid and bean form on performance, perceived exertion and gastrointestinal response during repeated maximal effort sprints in collegiate female swimmers. On three separate occasions, 7 days a part 16 female (19.87±1.08 yr) collegiate competitive swimmers performed 6 x 100 yard maximal sprint on a 6-minute interval. The participants consumed a total of 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO in for the form of a sport jellybean, CHO liquid or placebo liquid. The 0.36 g/kg/BW of CHO was divided into 5 portions so the participants consumed the supplement after each 100-yard sprint. Rated perceived exertion, gut discomfort, gut fullness and timed performance was recorded after each 100 yards. Average gut fullness ratings were found to be significantly higher in the CHO liquid (p = 0.001) and placebo liquid (p p = .004) and placebo liquid (p < .001) than the sport jellybean (5.37±1.73 for the CHO liquid, 5.77±1.06 for the placebo liquid, and 3.90±1.67 for the sport jellybean). Additionally, no significant differences were found in the average RPE ratings between the three supplements (p > 0.05). No significant difference was found in the average timed performance between the three supplements (p > 0.05). These results suggest that a CHO, in the form of a sport jellybean could be a more appropriate form of CHO to minimize feelings of both gut discomfort and gut fullness during high-intensity training.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/1046"],"dc:subject":["ETD","Carbohydrate","Rated perceived exertion","Competitive Swimmers","Gut Fullness","Gut Discomfort","Sports Sciences"],"dc:title":["The Effects of Carbohydrate Supplementation Forms on Rated Perceived Exertion, Timed Performance and Gastrointestinal Response in Collegiate Female Swimmers"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of Health and Kinesiology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis (restricted to Georgia Southern)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Kinesiology (M.S.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:52Z"}