{"id":{"repo_id":"gsu","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu:etd-1601"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/gsu/oai:digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu:etd-1601","repository":{"repo_id":"gsu","name":"Georgia Southern University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"One Nation, Separate Spheres: An Examination of Red Power Activism Between Two Mohawk Communities","abstract":"Red Power activism in the United States and Canada during the 1940s and 1950s is primarily localized, consisting of several tribes or particular regions of tribes simultaneously, but separately protesting local, state, or federal legislation that threatened aspects of their tribal sovereignty. The occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969 by a group called Indians of All Tribes marked the beginning of pan-Indian activism, inspiring diverse, indigenous efforts to bring about social change. The localism of native activism before the occupation of Alcatraz also extended to intratribal divisions which is illustrated by two separate activist events in the Mohawk communities of Kahnawake and Akwesasne.","abstract_html":"Red Power activism in the United States and Canada during the 1940s and 1950s is primarily localized, consisting of several tribes or particular regions of tribes simultaneously, but separately protesting local, state, or federal legislation that threatened aspects of their tribal sovereignty. The occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969 by a group called Indians of All Tribes marked the beginning of pan-Indian activism, inspiring diverse, indigenous efforts to bring about social change. The localism of native activism before the occupation of Alcatraz also extended to intratribal divisions which is illustrated by two separate activist events in the Mohawk communities of Kahnawake and Akwesasne.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pinkins, Carlyn N."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts in History (M.A.)","degree_level":"Thesis (open access)","degree_discipline":"Department of History","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Jonathan Bryant","Cathy Skidmore-Hess"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:12Z","subjects":["ETD","Red power","Twentieth-century activism","American Indian history","Mohawk","Haudenosaunee","Mohawk warrior society","Kahnawake","Akwesasne","Seaway international bridge","National congress of American Indians","National Indian youth council","Society of American Indians","American Indian movement","Alcatraz occupation","Indian of all tribes"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/601","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Jonathan Bryant","Cathy Skidmore-Hess"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pinkins, Carlyn N."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2013-10-17T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of History"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis (open access)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts in History (M.A.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ETD","Red power","Twentieth-century activism","American Indian history","Mohawk","Haudenosaunee","Mohawk warrior society","Kahnawake","Akwesasne","Seaway international bridge","National congress of American Indians","National Indian youth council","Society of American Indians","American Indian movement","Alcatraz occupation","Indian of all tribes"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/601"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Red Power activism in the United States and Canada during the 1940s and 1950s is primarily localized, consisting of several tribes or particular regions of tribes simultaneously, but separately protesting local, state, or federal legislation that threatened aspects of their tribal sovereignty. The occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969 by a group called Indians of All Tribes marked the beginning of pan-Indian activism, inspiring diverse, indigenous efforts to bring about social change. The localism of native activism before the occupation of Alcatraz also extended to intratribal divisions which is illustrated by two separate activist events in the Mohawk communities of Kahnawake and Akwesasne."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["One Nation, Separate Spheres: An Examination of Red Power Activism Between Two Mohawk Communities"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Jonathan Bryant","Cathy Skidmore-Hess"],"dc:creator":["Pinkins, Carlyn N."],"dc:date.available":["2013-10-17T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Red Power activism in the United States and Canada during the 1940s and 1950s is primarily localized, consisting of several tribes or particular regions of tribes simultaneously, but separately protesting local, state, or federal legislation that threatened aspects of their tribal sovereignty. The occupation of Alcatraz Island in 1969 by a group called Indians of All Tribes marked the beginning of pan-Indian activism, inspiring diverse, indigenous efforts to bring about social change. The localism of native activism before the occupation of Alcatraz also extended to intratribal divisions which is illustrated by two separate activist events in the Mohawk communities of Kahnawake and Akwesasne."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/601"],"dc:subject":["ETD","Red power","Twentieth-century activism","American Indian history","Mohawk","Haudenosaunee","Mohawk warrior society","Kahnawake","Akwesasne","Seaway international bridge","National congress of American Indians","National Indian youth council","Society of American Indians","American Indian movement","Alcatraz occupation","Indian of all tribes"],"dc:title":["One Nation, Separate Spheres: An Examination of Red Power Activism Between Two Mohawk Communities"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of History"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis (open access)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts in History (M.A.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:27:12Z"}