The Multidimensional Model for Sport Leadership (MML) (Chelladurai, 1980) states that athlete performance and satisfaction are functions of the congruency between the preferred leadership of student-athletes, the required behavior of the coach as dictated by the situation, and the actual behavior of the coach. The model was developed nearly 30 years ago and while research outside of sport has indicated that leadership preferences have changed with generations, the MML is still the most widely accepted model for sport leadership. As such, research in sport should examine how appropriate the model is to todays athletic culture. Gender, one member characteristic, has been researched considerably, with conflicting results, while race has been largely ignored with preferential leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine what extent the preferred coaching behaviors reported by student athletes vary based on race, gender, and playing time and measure the congruency of those preferences with the actual coaching behaviors reported by coaches. NCAA Division-I student-athletes (n = 140) and head coaches (n = 14) in Baseball, Mens and Womens Basketball, Mens and Womens Soccer, Softball, and Volleyball were surveyed using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport (RLSS). Using multiple regression analysis, the author attempted to predict what coaching behaviors student-athletes preferred based on student-athlete gender, race, and playing time. None of the regression models were significant, indicating a lack of variance between the predictor groups. Also, the current data revealed that student-athletes reported a significantly higher means in the Democratic Behavior and Situational Consideration subscales than head coaches, indicating a degree of incompatibility between student-athlete preference and actual coaching behaviors. A revision of the RLSS might yield more significant and meaningful results, as two of the subscales displayed low levels of internal consistency.
","abstract_html":"<p>The Multidimensional Model for Sport Leadership (MML) (Chelladurai, 1980) states that athlete performance and satisfaction are functions of the congruency between the preferred leadership of student-athletes, the required behavior of the coach as dictated by the situation, and the actual behavior of the coach. The model was developed nearly 30 years ago and while research outside of sport has indicated that leadership preferences have changed with generations, the MML is still the most widely accepted model for sport leadership. As such, research in sport should examine how appropriate the model is to todays athletic culture. Gender, one member characteristic, has been researched considerably, with conflicting results, while race has been largely ignored with preferential leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine what extent the preferred coaching behaviors reported by student athletes vary based on race, gender, and playing time and measure the congruency of those preferences with the actual coaching behaviors reported by coaches. NCAA Division-I student-athletes (n = 140) and head coaches (n = 14) in Baseball, Mens and Womens Basketball, Mens and Womens Soccer, Softball, and Volleyball were surveyed using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport (RLSS). Using multiple regression analysis, the author attempted to predict what coaching behaviors student-athletes preferred based on student-athlete gender, race, and playing time. None of the regression models were significant, indicating a lack of variance between the predictor groups. Also, the current data revealed that student-athletes reported a significantly higher means in the Democratic Behavior and Situational Consideration subscales than head coaches, indicating a degree of incompatibility between student-athlete preference and actual coaching behaviors. A revision of the RLSS might yield more significant and meaningful results, as two of the subscales displayed low levels of internal consistency.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Burdette, Glenn Parrish"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Education in Education Administration (Ed.D.)","degree_level":"Dissertation (open access)","degree_discipline":"Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Barry Joyner","Daniel Czech"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2008,"date_issued":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:26:39Z","subjects":["ETD","Coaching","Leadership","Sport","Revised leadership scale for sport","Multidimensional model for sport leadership","Education"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/223","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Barry Joyner","Daniel Czech"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Burdette, Glenn Parrish"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2013-10-17T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation (open access)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Education in Education Administration (Ed.D.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["ETD","Coaching","Leadership","Sport","Revised leadership scale for sport","Multidimensional model for sport leadership","Education"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/223"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The Multidimensional Model for Sport Leadership (MML) (Chelladurai, 1980) states that athlete performance and satisfaction are functions of the congruency between the preferred leadership of student-athletes, the required behavior of the coach as dictated by the situation, and the actual behavior of the coach. The model was developed nearly 30 years ago and while research outside of sport has indicated that leadership preferences have changed with generations, the MML is still the most widely accepted model for sport leadership. As such, research in sport should examine how appropriate the model is to todays athletic culture. Gender, one member characteristic, has been researched considerably, with conflicting results, while race has been largely ignored with preferential leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine what extent the preferred coaching behaviors reported by student athletes vary based on race, gender, and playing time and measure the congruency of those preferences with the actual coaching behaviors reported by coaches. NCAA Division-I student-athletes (n = 140) and head coaches (n = 14) in Baseball, Mens and Womens Basketball, Mens and Womens Soccer, Softball, and Volleyball were surveyed using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport (RLSS). Using multiple regression analysis, the author attempted to predict what coaching behaviors student-athletes preferred based on student-athlete gender, race, and playing time. None of the regression models were significant, indicating a lack of variance between the predictor groups. Also, the current data revealed that student-athletes reported a significantly higher means in the Democratic Behavior and Situational Consideration subscales than head coaches, indicating a degree of incompatibility between student-athlete preference and actual coaching behaviors. A revision of the RLSS might yield more significant and meaningful results, as two of the subscales displayed low levels of internal consistency.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Examination of Preferred Coaching Behaviors as Predicted by Athlete Gender, Race, and Playing Time"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Barry Joyner","Daniel Czech"],"dc:creator":["Burdette, Glenn Parrish"],"dc:date.available":["2013-10-17T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The Multidimensional Model for Sport Leadership (MML) (Chelladurai, 1980) states that athlete performance and satisfaction are functions of the congruency between the preferred leadership of student-athletes, the required behavior of the coach as dictated by the situation, and the actual behavior of the coach. The model was developed nearly 30 years ago and while research outside of sport has indicated that leadership preferences have changed with generations, the MML is still the most widely accepted model for sport leadership. As such, research in sport should examine how appropriate the model is to todays athletic culture. Gender, one member characteristic, has been researched considerably, with conflicting results, while race has been largely ignored with preferential leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine what extent the preferred coaching behaviors reported by student athletes vary based on race, gender, and playing time and measure the congruency of those preferences with the actual coaching behaviors reported by coaches. NCAA Division-I student-athletes (n = 140) and head coaches (n = 14) in Baseball, Mens and Womens Basketball, Mens and Womens Soccer, Softball, and Volleyball were surveyed using the Revised Leadership Scale for Sport (RLSS). Using multiple regression analysis, the author attempted to predict what coaching behaviors student-athletes preferred based on student-athlete gender, race, and playing time. None of the regression models were significant, indicating a lack of variance between the predictor groups. Also, the current data revealed that student-athletes reported a significantly higher means in the Democratic Behavior and Situational Consideration subscales than head coaches, indicating a degree of incompatibility between student-athlete preference and actual coaching behaviors. A revision of the RLSS might yield more significant and meaningful results, as two of the subscales displayed low levels of internal consistency.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/223"],"dc:subject":["ETD","Coaching","Leadership","Sport","Revised leadership scale for sport","Multidimensional model for sport leadership","Education"],"dc:title":["Examination of Preferred Coaching Behaviors as Predicted by Athlete Gender, Race, and Playing Time"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Department of Leadership, Technology, and Human Development"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation (open access)"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Education in Education Administration (Ed.D.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:26:39Z"}