{"id":{"repo_id":"greenwich","oai_identifier":"oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:6262"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/greenwich/oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:6262","repository":{"repo_id":"greenwich","name":"University of Greenwich","base_url":"https://gala.gre.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Investigations into the recycling of quarry wastes from the South East of England","abstract":"This project looks at the potential for re-use of quarry wastes, in particular, Hassock, from the Lower Greensand, Hythe Beds, which in one Ragstone quarry alone, amounts to 100,000 tonnes of material annually. Quarry wastes have been solidified with a range of other waste products including Cement Kiln Dust, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag and Pulverized Fuel Ash. The mixes were subjected to a CO2 atmosphere for varying lengths of time, to determine their carbonation potential and optimum CO2 exposure time, in order to produce pellets with optimum strength, measured by Aggregate Impact Value. Pellets that had been hydrated before carbonated were stronger than those carbonated immediately. However, carbonating the mixes during pelletization was found to have a beneficial effect on final pellet strength. After further hydration in air for 6 weeks, the pH of these pellets was reduced considerably, when they were further carbonated for 24 hours in the CO2 chamber. Furthermore, strength was found to be substantially increased. The manufacture of these carbonated pellets will recycle CO2 and up to 4 waste streams and modify the quarry waste by reducing the dust component to a mere trace. The Aggregate Impact Value of pellets ranges from 14 to 19 and they have a bulk density of 1030 to 1100 kg/m3, making them potentially suitable for use as Light Weight Aggregates.","abstract_html":"This project looks at the potential for re-use of quarry wastes, in particular, Hassock, from the Lower Greensand, Hythe Beds, which in one Ragstone quarry alone, amounts to 100,000 tonnes of material annually. Quarry wastes have been solidified with a range of other waste products including Cement Kiln Dust, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag and Pulverized Fuel Ash. The mixes were subjected to a CO2 atmosphere for varying lengths of time, to determine their carbonation potential and optimum CO2 exposure time, in order to produce pellets with optimum strength, measured by Aggregate Impact Value. Pellets that had been hydrated before carbonated were stronger than those carbonated immediately. However, carbonating the mixes during pelletization was found to have a beneficial effect on final pellet strength. After further hydration in air for 6 weeks, the pH of these pellets was reduced considerably, when they were further carbonated for 24 hours in the CO2 chamber. Furthermore, strength was found to be substantially increased. The manufacture of these carbonated pellets will recycle CO2 and up to 4 waste streams and modify the quarry waste by reducing the dust component to a mere trace. The Aggregate Impact Value of pellets ranges from 14 to 19 and they have a bulk density of 1030 to 1100 kg/m3, making them potentially suitable for use as Light Weight Aggregates.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Padfield, Anne Michele"],"institution":"University of Greenwich","degree_name":"phd","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2007,"date_issued":"2007","date_published":"2007","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:25:36Z","subjects":["QD Chemistry","TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Padfield, Anne Michele"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2007"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2007"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.commercial","label":"Dc Publisher Commercial","values":["University of Greenwich,"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["School of Science"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Greenwich"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/6262/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["phd"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["QD Chemistry","TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This project looks at the potential for re-use of quarry wastes, in particular, Hassock, from the Lower Greensand, Hythe Beds, which in one Ragstone quarry alone, amounts to 100,000 tonnes of material annually. Quarry wastes have been solidified with a range of other waste products including Cement Kiln Dust, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag and Pulverized Fuel Ash. The mixes were subjected to a CO2 atmosphere for varying lengths of time, to determine their carbonation potential and optimum CO2 exposure time, in order to produce pellets with optimum strength, measured by Aggregate Impact Value. Pellets that had been hydrated before carbonated were stronger than those carbonated immediately. However, carbonating the mixes during pelletization was found to have a beneficial effect on final pellet strength. After further hydration in air for 6 weeks, the pH of these pellets was reduced considerably, when they were further carbonated for 24 hours in the CO2 chamber. Furthermore, strength was found to be substantially increased. The manufacture of these carbonated pellets will recycle CO2 and up to 4 waste streams and modify the quarry waste by reducing the dust component to a mere trace. The Aggregate Impact Value of pellets ranges from 14 to 19 and they have a bulk density of 1030 to 1100 kg/m3, making them potentially suitable for use as Light Weight Aggregates."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigations into the recycling of quarry wastes from the South East of England"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Padfield, Anne Michele"],"dc:date":["2007"],"dc:date.issued":["2007"],"dc:description.abstract":["This project looks at the potential for re-use of quarry wastes, in particular, Hassock, from the Lower Greensand, Hythe Beds, which in one Ragstone quarry alone, amounts to 100,000 tonnes of material annually. Quarry wastes have been solidified with a range of other waste products including Cement Kiln Dust, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag and Pulverized Fuel Ash. The mixes were subjected to a CO2 atmosphere for varying lengths of time, to determine their carbonation potential and optimum CO2 exposure time, in order to produce pellets with optimum strength, measured by Aggregate Impact Value. Pellets that had been hydrated before carbonated were stronger than those carbonated immediately. However, carbonating the mixes during pelletization was found to have a beneficial effect on final pellet strength. After further hydration in air for 6 weeks, the pH of these pellets was reduced considerably, when they were further carbonated for 24 hours in the CO2 chamber. Furthermore, strength was found to be substantially increased. The manufacture of these carbonated pellets will recycle CO2 and up to 4 waste streams and modify the quarry waste by reducing the dust component to a mere trace. The Aggregate Impact Value of pellets ranges from 14 to 19 and they have a bulk density of 1030 to 1100 kg/m3, making them potentially suitable for use as Light Weight Aggregates."],"dc:publisher.commercial":["University of Greenwich,"],"dc:publisher.department":["School of Science"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Greenwich"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/6262/"],"dc:subject":["QD Chemistry","TD Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering"],"dc:title":["Investigations into the recycling of quarry wastes from the South East of England"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["phd"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:25:36Z"}