Stateless envoy: the life and times of August Torma (1895-1971)

This is a study of the life and activities of August Torma, an Estonian diplomat. He was born in 1895, well before his country broke free from Tsarist Russia, and died in 1971, in London, when Estonia was back in the Russian, by then Soviet, fold. Although a biography, it has the capacity to provide fresh insights into Estonian history. The study begins with Torma's early years and his activities during the First World War, observes his subsequent progression through the ranks at the Foreign Ministry in Tallinn and thereafter follows him to Rome, Bern and Geneva where he was appointed ambassador. The focus of the study falls on his years in London where he was posted in 1934. With the help of archival material the study sheds new light on a difficult period in Estonian history, particularly on the years leading up to the 1940 loss of independence, the Second World War and its aftermath. Torma's final three decades in England were a struggle for survival as financial problems persisted and his diplomatic position was gradually eroded. The study concludes that although Torma did not live to see Estonia regain its independence in 1991 he kept the idea of Estonian sovereignty very much alive during the Cold War and maintained the concept of legal continuity which was to form the cornerstone of the country's resurrection.

Level dc:type.qualificationlevel

PhD

Grantor dc:publisher.institution

University of Glasgow

Year dc:date.issued

2010

Author dc:creator

• Tamman, Tina

• CT Biography
• DK Russia. Soviet Union. Former Soviet Republics

DOI dc:identifier.doi

https://doi.org/10.5525/gla.thesis.1541

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:theses.gla.ac.uk:1541