This study focused on the use of oleoresin capsicum (OC) as a means of force and also tested the effectiveness of OC.
A medium-size police agency was studied from 1991-2001. The following reports were collected for analysis: excessive force reports, reports of officers injured during arrests, use of hands-on restraint, and use of police baton.
This study revealed an increase in reported incidents of excessive force and a reduction in the number of officers injuired making arrests while using various defensive techniques.
Implementing OC into the force continuum remains a solid decision in review of this research. This study has shown oleoresin capsicum to be a safe, effective level in the law enforcement force continuum.
","abstract_html":"<p>This study focused on the use of oleoresin capsicum (OC) as a means of force and also tested the effectiveness of OC.</p><p>A medium-size police agency was studied from 1991-2001. The following reports were collected for analysis: excessive force reports, reports of officers injured during arrests, use of hands-on restraint, and use of police baton.</p><p>This study revealed an increase in reported incidents of excessive force and a reduction in the number of officers injuired making arrests while using various defensive techniques.</p><p> Implementing OC into the force continuum remains a solid decision in review of this research. This study has shown oleoresin capsicum to be a safe, effective level in the law enforcement force continuum.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Adkins, Lydia Denise"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MA (Master of Arts)","degree_level":"Thesis - unrestricted","degree_discipline":"Criminal Justice and Criminology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2003,"date_issued":"2003-08-11T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2003-08-11T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:19:28Z","subjects":["Use of Force","Pepper Spray","Force Continuum","OC","Oleoresin Capsicum","Criminology and Criminal Justice","Legal Studies","Social and Behavioral Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright by the authors."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/779","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Adkins, Lydia Denise"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2003-08-11T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Criminal Justice and Criminology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - unrestricted"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MA (Master of Arts)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Use of Force","Pepper Spray","Force Continuum","OC","Oleoresin Capsicum","Criminology and Criminal Justice","Legal Studies","Social and Behavioral Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright by the authors."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dc.etsu.edu/context/etd/article/1936/viewcontent/AdkinsD073003f.pdf","https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/779"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study focused on the use of oleoresin capsicum (OC) as a means of force and also tested the effectiveness of OC.
A medium-size police agency was studied from 1991-2001. The following reports were collected for analysis: excessive force reports, reports of officers injured during arrests, use of hands-on restraint, and use of police baton.
This study revealed an increase in reported incidents of excessive force and a reduction in the number of officers injuired making arrests while using various defensive techniques.
Implementing OC into the force continuum remains a solid decision in review of this research. This study has shown oleoresin capsicum to be a safe, effective level in the law enforcement force continuum.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Oleoresin Capsicum: an Analysis of the Implementation of Pepper Spray into the Law Enforcement Use of Force Continuum in a Selected Police Department."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Adkins, Lydia Denise"],"dc:date.issued":["2003-08-11T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study focused on the use of oleoresin capsicum (OC) as a means of force and also tested the effectiveness of OC.
A medium-size police agency was studied from 1991-2001. The following reports were collected for analysis: excessive force reports, reports of officers injured during arrests, use of hands-on restraint, and use of police baton.
This study revealed an increase in reported incidents of excessive force and a reduction in the number of officers injuired making arrests while using various defensive techniques.
Implementing OC into the force continuum remains a solid decision in review of this research. This study has shown oleoresin capsicum to be a safe, effective level in the law enforcement force continuum.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://dc.etsu.edu/context/etd/article/1936/viewcontent/AdkinsD073003f.pdf","https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/779"],"dc:rights":["Copyright by the authors."],"dc:subject":["Use of Force","Pepper Spray","Force Continuum","OC","Oleoresin Capsicum","Criminology and Criminal Justice","Legal Studies","Social and Behavioral Sciences"],"dc:title":["Oleoresin Capsicum: an Analysis of the Implementation of Pepper Spray into the Law Enforcement Use of Force Continuum in a Selected Police Department."],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Criminal Justice and Criminology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - unrestricted"],"thesis:degree_name":["MA (Master of Arts)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:19:28Z"}