Progressive overload through the range of motion (ROM) is important for proper rehabilitation of muscle strength, yet varies across types of resistance for a given exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare strength curves (SC) for shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) with resistance curves (RC) for two application angles (A and B) of Thera-Band® resistance to determine which application angle best overloads IR and ER through the ROM. Thirty volunteer subjects participated in this study. SCs were obtained experimentally by measuring maximal isometric torque for IR and ER from 30° to 135°. RCs were calculated using regression equations from the literature. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the SCs and RCs for both application angles during IR and ER. The findings of this study indicate that application angles A and B do not provide optimal loading when performing shoulder IR and ER exercises.
","abstract_html":"<p>Progressive overload through the range of motion (ROM) is important for proper rehabilitation of muscle strength, yet varies across types of resistance for a given exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare strength curves (SC) for shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) with resistance curves (RC) for two application angles (A and B) of Thera-Band® resistance to determine which application angle best overloads IR and ER through the ROM. Thirty volunteer subjects participated in this study. SCs were obtained experimentally by measuring maximal isometric torque for IR and ER from 30° to 135°. RCs were calculated using regression equations from the literature. Significant differences (<em>p</em> < 0.05) were found between the SCs and RCs for both application angles during IR and ER. The findings of this study indicate that application angles A and B do not provide optimal loading when performing shoulder IR and ER exercises.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hannah, Daniel Cason"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MA (Master of Arts)","degree_level":"Thesis - unrestricted","degree_discipline":"Kinesiology and Sport Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2002,"date_issued":"2002-08-16T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2002-08-16T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:19:21Z","subjects":["strength curve","elastic resistance","external rotation","internal rotation","shoulder","Kinesiology","Life Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright by the authors."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/680","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hannah, Daniel Cason"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2002-08-16T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Kinesiology and Sport Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - unrestricted"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MA (Master of Arts)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["strength curve","elastic resistance","external rotation","internal rotation","shoulder","Kinesiology","Life Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright by the authors."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dc.etsu.edu/context/etd/article/1837/viewcontent/HannahD061102a.pdf","https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/680"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Progressive overload through the range of motion (ROM) is important for proper rehabilitation of muscle strength, yet varies across types of resistance for a given exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare strength curves (SC) for shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) with resistance curves (RC) for two application angles (A and B) of Thera-Band® resistance to determine which application angle best overloads IR and ER through the ROM. Thirty volunteer subjects participated in this study. SCs were obtained experimentally by measuring maximal isometric torque for IR and ER from 30° to 135°. RCs were calculated using regression equations from the literature. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the SCs and RCs for both application angles during IR and ER. The findings of this study indicate that application angles A and B do not provide optimal loading when performing shoulder IR and ER exercises.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A Comparison of Strength and Resistance Curves for the Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Hannah, Daniel Cason"],"dc:date.issued":["2002-08-16T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Progressive overload through the range of motion (ROM) is important for proper rehabilitation of muscle strength, yet varies across types of resistance for a given exercise. The purpose of this study was to compare strength curves (SC) for shoulder internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) with resistance curves (RC) for two application angles (A and B) of Thera-Band® resistance to determine which application angle best overloads IR and ER through the ROM. Thirty volunteer subjects participated in this study. SCs were obtained experimentally by measuring maximal isometric torque for IR and ER from 30° to 135°. RCs were calculated using regression equations from the literature. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between the SCs and RCs for both application angles during IR and ER. The findings of this study indicate that application angles A and B do not provide optimal loading when performing shoulder IR and ER exercises.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://dc.etsu.edu/context/etd/article/1837/viewcontent/HannahD061102a.pdf","https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/680"],"dc:rights":["Copyright by the authors."],"dc:subject":["strength curve","elastic resistance","external rotation","internal rotation","shoulder","Kinesiology","Life Sciences"],"dc:title":["A Comparison of Strength and Resistance Curves for the Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder."],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Kinesiology and Sport Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - unrestricted"],"thesis:degree_name":["MA (Master of Arts)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:19:21Z"}