The evolution of land plants, particularly the origin of land plants, had long been an issue of concern to biologists. Bryophytes were widely accepted as the first land plants to have emerged during the evolution of land plants (Kenrick 1997, Mishler 1994). But, the phylogeny of the groups within the bryophytes remained debatable. There were currently two popular but conflicting ideas: the liverworts-basal topology (LBT) and the hornworts-basal topology (HBT). This psbA gene study provided additional information to help resolve the debate. Bazzania, Blasia, Megaceros, and Sphagnum psbA gene sequences were generated from this research. The other 24 sequences were obtained from GenBank. The UPGMA, Neighbor-Joining, and Maximum Parsimony trees generated by molecular evolutionary genetic analysis (MEGA) supported the liverworts-basal topology.
","abstract_html":"<p>The evolution of land plants, particularly the origin of land plants, had long been an issue of concern to biologists. Bryophytes were widely accepted as the first land plants to have emerged during the evolution of land plants (Kenrick 1997, Mishler 1994). But, the phylogeny of the groups within the bryophytes remained debatable. There were currently two popular but conflicting ideas: the liverworts-basal topology (LBT) and the hornworts-basal topology (HBT). This psbA gene study provided additional information to help resolve the debate. <em>Bazzania</em>, <em>Blasia</em>, <em>Megaceros</em>, and <em>Sphagnum</em> psbA gene sequences were generated from this research. The other 24 sequences were obtained from GenBank. The UPGMA, Neighbor-Joining, and Maximum Parsimony trees generated by molecular evolutionary genetic analysis (MEGA) supported the liverworts-basal topology.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Crowe, Celeste T"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS (Master of Science)","degree_level":"Thesis - restricted","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2002,"date_issued":"2002-08-16T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2002-08-16T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:19:07Z","subjects":["bryophytes","psbA gene","Biology","Life Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright by the authors."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/679","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Crowe, Celeste T"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2002-08-16T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - restricted"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS (Master of Science)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["bryophytes","psbA gene","Biology","Life Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright by the authors."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dc.etsu.edu/context/etd/article/1836/viewcontent/crowect053102a.pdf","https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/679"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The evolution of land plants, particularly the origin of land plants, had long been an issue of concern to biologists. Bryophytes were widely accepted as the first land plants to have emerged during the evolution of land plants (Kenrick 1997, Mishler 1994). But, the phylogeny of the groups within the bryophytes remained debatable. There were currently two popular but conflicting ideas: the liverworts-basal topology (LBT) and the hornworts-basal topology (HBT). This psbA gene study provided additional information to help resolve the debate. Bazzania, Blasia, Megaceros, and Sphagnum psbA gene sequences were generated from this research. The other 24 sequences were obtained from GenBank. The UPGMA, Neighbor-Joining, and Maximum Parsimony trees generated by molecular evolutionary genetic analysis (MEGA) supported the liverworts-basal topology.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Using the psba Gene as a Measure in Determining the Phylogenetic Relationship among Bryophytes."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Crowe, Celeste T"],"dc:date.issued":["2002-08-16T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The evolution of land plants, particularly the origin of land plants, had long been an issue of concern to biologists. Bryophytes were widely accepted as the first land plants to have emerged during the evolution of land plants (Kenrick 1997, Mishler 1994). But, the phylogeny of the groups within the bryophytes remained debatable. There were currently two popular but conflicting ideas: the liverworts-basal topology (LBT) and the hornworts-basal topology (HBT). This psbA gene study provided additional information to help resolve the debate. Bazzania, Blasia, Megaceros, and Sphagnum psbA gene sequences were generated from this research. The other 24 sequences were obtained from GenBank. The UPGMA, Neighbor-Joining, and Maximum Parsimony trees generated by molecular evolutionary genetic analysis (MEGA) supported the liverworts-basal topology.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://dc.etsu.edu/context/etd/article/1836/viewcontent/crowect053102a.pdf","https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/679"],"dc:rights":["Copyright by the authors."],"dc:subject":["bryophytes","psbA gene","Biology","Life Sciences"],"dc:title":["Using the psba Gene as a Measure in Determining the Phylogenetic Relationship among Bryophytes."],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - restricted"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS (Master of Science)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:19:07Z"}