This study investigated the technology acceptance (TA) of 21st century biomedical treatments by adults in the United States. A new TA instrument was created, and two policy measures were assessed: “Who decides?” and “Who pays?” An on-line survey produced 353 usable responses to answer five research questions, the most important of which were “Were there any significant differences in the TA responses for the biomedical treatments?” and “What trends were evident in the responses of the two policy preferences?” The new TA scale produced distinct patterns for each of five biomedical treatment levels: (a) Healing and Prevention, (b) Replacement Organs, (c) Enhancements-Medical, (d) Enhancements- Discretionary, and (e) Transhumans, with clear support for Levels 1–3, and very strong opposition to Levels 4–5. For Levels 1–3, Patients and Doctors were selected by 84% of respondents for “Who decides?” while Patients and Insurance Companies were 70% of the “Who pays?” responses. For Levels 4–5, None of These (59%) and Patients (26%) were the most frequent “Who decides?” choices and 81% combined of those for “Who pays?” The TA finding draws the line between which human enhancements are acceptable and where public policies and medical guidelines should prohibit others. The policy preference responses indicated a high level of personal responsibility at all treatment levels and reinforced respondents’ antipathy toward Enhancements-Discretionary and Transhumans. Overall, the TA and policy preference scales produced clear results and the research model was validated.
","abstract_html":"<p>This study investigated the technology acceptance (TA) of 21st century biomedical treatments by adults in the United States. A new TA instrument was created, and two policy measures were assessed: “Who decides?” and “Who pays?” An on-line survey produced 353 usable responses to answer five research questions, the most important of which were “Were there any significant differences in the TA responses for the biomedical treatments?” and “What trends were evident in the responses of the two policy preferences?” The new TA scale produced distinct patterns for each of five biomedical treatment levels: (a) Healing and Prevention, (b) Replacement Organs, (c) Enhancements-Medical, (d) Enhancements- Discretionary, and (e) Transhumans, with clear support for Levels 1–3, and very strong opposition to Levels 4–5. For Levels 1–3, Patients and Doctors were selected by 84% of respondents for “Who decides?” while Patients and Insurance Companies were 70% of the “Who pays?” responses. For Levels 4–5, None of These (59%) and Patients (26%) were the most frequent “Who decides?” choices and 81% combined of those for “Who pays?” The TA finding draws the line between which human enhancements are acceptable and where public policies and medical guidelines should prohibit others. The policy preference responses indicated a high level of personal responsibility at all treatment levels and reinforced respondents’ antipathy toward Enhancements-Discretionary and Transhumans. Overall, the TA and policy preference scales produced clear results and the research model was validated.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Clancy, Michael L."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)","degree_level":"Campus Only Dissertation","degree_discipline":"College of Technology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Ali Eydgahi, PhD","Robert Chapman, PhD","Deb de Laski-Smith, PhD"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2018-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:17:33Z","subjects":["Genetics","Health Sciences","Medical Ethics","Policy Preferences","Science Awareness","Technology Acceptance","Bioethics and Medical Ethics","Genetics and Genomics","Medicine and Health Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.emich.edu/theses/941","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Ali Eydgahi, PhD","Robert Chapman, PhD","Deb de Laski-Smith, PhD"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Clancy, Michael L."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-01-08T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["College of Technology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Campus Only Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Genetics","Health Sciences","Medical Ethics","Policy Preferences","Science Awareness","Technology Acceptance","Bioethics and Medical Ethics","Genetics and Genomics","Medicine and Health Sciences"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/941"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study investigated the technology acceptance (TA) of 21st century biomedical treatments by adults in the United States. A new TA instrument was created, and two policy measures were assessed: “Who decides?” and “Who pays?” An on-line survey produced 353 usable responses to answer five research questions, the most important of which were “Were there any significant differences in the TA responses for the biomedical treatments?” and “What trends were evident in the responses of the two policy preferences?” The new TA scale produced distinct patterns for each of five biomedical treatment levels: (a) Healing and Prevention, (b) Replacement Organs, (c) Enhancements-Medical, (d) Enhancements- Discretionary, and (e) Transhumans, with clear support for Levels 1–3, and very strong opposition to Levels 4–5. For Levels 1–3, Patients and Doctors were selected by 84% of respondents for “Who decides?” while Patients and Insurance Companies were 70% of the “Who pays?” responses. For Levels 4–5, None of These (59%) and Patients (26%) were the most frequent “Who decides?” choices and 81% combined of those for “Who pays?” The TA finding draws the line between which human enhancements are acceptable and where public policies and medical guidelines should prohibit others. The policy preference responses indicated a high level of personal responsibility at all treatment levels and reinforced respondents’ antipathy toward Enhancements-Discretionary and Transhumans. Overall, the TA and policy preference scales produced clear results and the research model was validated.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["21st century biomedical advances: Technology acceptance and policy preferences"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Ali Eydgahi, PhD","Robert Chapman, PhD","Deb de Laski-Smith, PhD"],"dc:creator":["Clancy, Michael L."],"dc:date.available":["2019-01-08T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study investigated the technology acceptance (TA) of 21st century biomedical treatments by adults in the United States. A new TA instrument was created, and two policy measures were assessed: “Who decides?” and “Who pays?” An on-line survey produced 353 usable responses to answer five research questions, the most important of which were “Were there any significant differences in the TA responses for the biomedical treatments?” and “What trends were evident in the responses of the two policy preferences?” The new TA scale produced distinct patterns for each of five biomedical treatment levels: (a) Healing and Prevention, (b) Replacement Organs, (c) Enhancements-Medical, (d) Enhancements- Discretionary, and (e) Transhumans, with clear support for Levels 1–3, and very strong opposition to Levels 4–5. For Levels 1–3, Patients and Doctors were selected by 84% of respondents for “Who decides?” while Patients and Insurance Companies were 70% of the “Who pays?” responses. For Levels 4–5, None of These (59%) and Patients (26%) were the most frequent “Who decides?” choices and 81% combined of those for “Who pays?” The TA finding draws the line between which human enhancements are acceptable and where public policies and medical guidelines should prohibit others. The policy preference responses indicated a high level of personal responsibility at all treatment levels and reinforced respondents’ antipathy toward Enhancements-Discretionary and Transhumans. Overall, the TA and policy preference scales produced clear results and the research model was validated.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/941"],"dc:subject":["Genetics","Health Sciences","Medical Ethics","Policy Preferences","Science Awareness","Technology Acceptance","Bioethics and Medical Ethics","Genetics and Genomics","Medicine and Health Sciences"],"dc:title":["21st century biomedical advances: Technology acceptance and policy preferences"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["College of Technology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Campus Only Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:17:33Z"}