While over time the terms of reference (e.g., Negro, Colored, Black, African American, Afrikan) have changed, the degraded cast status of Black people has been an immutable constant. For the purpose of this paper, African American and Black will be used interchangeably. No other minority ethnicity, has attempted to assimilate into White American culture more than African Americans. African Americans carry European names, speak the language (opposed to speaking native ancestors’ languages), and also share many of the same religious beliefs. Yet the stigmatization of blacks as an inferior race remains constant. Today the words African American and criminal are used synonymously.
","abstract_html":"<p>While over time the terms of reference (e.g., Negro, Colored, Black, African American, Afrikan) have changed, the degraded cast status of Black people has been an immutable constant. For the purpose of this paper, African American and Black will be used interchangeably. No other minority ethnicity, has attempted to assimilate into White American culture more than African Americans. African Americans carry European names, speak the language (opposed to speaking native ancestors’ languages), and also share many of the same religious beliefs. Yet the stigmatization of blacks as an inferior race remains constant. Today the words African American and criminal are used synonymously.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["McQueen, Deon LaRue"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Open Access Thesis","degree_discipline":"Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Peter Briand Wood","Young S. Kim"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:17:27Z","subjects":["coercive mobility","family disruption","felony disenfranchisement","mass incarceration","reintergration","war on drugs","Social and Behavioral Sciences"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.emich.edu/theses/850","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Peter Briand Wood","Young S. Kim"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["McQueen, Deon LaRue"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-03-14T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["coercive mobility","family disruption","felony disenfranchisement","mass incarceration","reintergration","war on drugs","Social and Behavioral Sciences"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/850"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["While over time the terms of reference (e.g., Negro, Colored, Black, African American, Afrikan) have changed, the degraded cast status of Black people has been an immutable constant. For the purpose of this paper, African American and Black will be used interchangeably. No other minority ethnicity, has attempted to assimilate into White American culture more than African Americans. African Americans carry European names, speak the language (opposed to speaking native ancestors’ languages), and also share many of the same religious beliefs. Yet the stigmatization of blacks as an inferior race remains constant. Today the words African American and criminal are used synonymously.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The individual and collective consequences of mass incarceration in the African American community"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Peter Briand Wood","Young S. Kim"],"dc:creator":["McQueen, Deon LaRue"],"dc:date.available":["2018-03-14T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["While over time the terms of reference (e.g., Negro, Colored, Black, African American, Afrikan) have changed, the degraded cast status of Black people has been an immutable constant. For the purpose of this paper, African American and Black will be used interchangeably. No other minority ethnicity, has attempted to assimilate into White American culture more than African Americans. African Americans carry European names, speak the language (opposed to speaking native ancestors’ languages), and also share many of the same religious beliefs. Yet the stigmatization of blacks as an inferior race remains constant. Today the words African American and criminal are used synonymously.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/850"],"dc:subject":["coercive mobility","family disruption","felony disenfranchisement","mass incarceration","reintergration","war on drugs","Social and Behavioral Sciences"],"dc:title":["The individual and collective consequences of mass incarceration in the African American community"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:17:27Z"}