A large number of children are exposed to multiple risk factors within the first 3 years of life, resulting in poorer child developmental outcomes. Additionally, exposure to multiple risks is especially prevalent in low-income populations. Several studies have found that multiple maternal and biological risks such as maternal depression, physical health or illness, other sociodemographic risks, and low birth weight lead to poor child outcomes, such as lower cognitive achievement at preschool age. The current study investigated the influence of both maternal and infant biological risks in a cumulative risk model on predicting preschool children’s cognitive outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression was implemented through SPSS Statistical Software to test the hypotheses. Preliminary analyses indicated that maternal health risks and an infant biological risk were not risk factors in this study, and were therefore removed from the cumulative risk indices. Results indicated that cumulative maternal risks did have a direct influence on children’s cognitive scores. However, the infant biological risk did not significantly influence children’s cognitive scores. Additionally, results indicated that the effects of the cumulative risks were additive for this sample, not multiplicative
","abstract_html":"<p>A large number of children are exposed to multiple risk factors within the first 3 years of life, resulting in poorer child developmental outcomes. Additionally, exposure to multiple risks is especially prevalent in low-income populations. Several studies have found that multiple maternal and biological risks such as maternal depression, physical health or illness, other sociodemographic risks, and low birth weight lead to poor child outcomes, such as lower cognitive achievement at preschool age. The current study investigated the influence of both maternal and infant biological risks in a cumulative risk model on predicting preschool children’s cognitive outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression was implemented through SPSS Statistical Software to test the hypotheses. Preliminary analyses indicated that maternal health risks and an infant biological risk were not risk factors in this study, and were therefore removed from the cumulative risk indices. Results indicated that cumulative maternal risks did have a direct influence on children’s cognitive scores. However, the infant biological risk did not significantly influence children’s cognitive scores. Additionally, results indicated that the effects of the cumulative risks were additive for this sample, not multiplicative</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Esposito, Cassandra L."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Open Access Thesis","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Heather Janisse, Ph.D., Chair","Alissa Huth-Bocks, Ph.D.","Stephen Jefferson, Ph.D."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-07-09T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2014-07-09T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:57Z","subjects":["African American children","preschool children","poverty","Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.emich.edu/theses/586","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Heather Janisse, Ph.D., Chair","Alissa Huth-Bocks, Ph.D.","Stephen Jefferson, Ph.D."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Esposito, Cassandra L."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-08-26T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["African American children","preschool children","poverty","Psychology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/586"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A large number of children are exposed to multiple risk factors within the first 3 years of life, resulting in poorer child developmental outcomes. Additionally, exposure to multiple risks is especially prevalent in low-income populations. Several studies have found that multiple maternal and biological risks such as maternal depression, physical health or illness, other sociodemographic risks, and low birth weight lead to poor child outcomes, such as lower cognitive achievement at preschool age. The current study investigated the influence of both maternal and infant biological risks in a cumulative risk model on predicting preschool children’s cognitive outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression was implemented through SPSS Statistical Software to test the hypotheses. Preliminary analyses indicated that maternal health risks and an infant biological risk were not risk factors in this study, and were therefore removed from the cumulative risk indices. Results indicated that cumulative maternal risks did have a direct influence on children’s cognitive scores. However, the infant biological risk did not significantly influence children’s cognitive scores. Additionally, results indicated that the effects of the cumulative risks were additive for this sample, not multiplicative
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Influence of cumulative risk factors on the cognitive abilities of low-income, African- American preschool children"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Heather Janisse, Ph.D., Chair","Alissa Huth-Bocks, Ph.D.","Stephen Jefferson, Ph.D."],"dc:creator":["Esposito, Cassandra L."],"dc:date.available":["2014-08-26T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["A large number of children are exposed to multiple risk factors within the first 3 years of life, resulting in poorer child developmental outcomes. Additionally, exposure to multiple risks is especially prevalent in low-income populations. Several studies have found that multiple maternal and biological risks such as maternal depression, physical health or illness, other sociodemographic risks, and low birth weight lead to poor child outcomes, such as lower cognitive achievement at preschool age. The current study investigated the influence of both maternal and infant biological risks in a cumulative risk model on predicting preschool children’s cognitive outcomes. Hierarchical multiple regression was implemented through SPSS Statistical Software to test the hypotheses. Preliminary analyses indicated that maternal health risks and an infant biological risk were not risk factors in this study, and were therefore removed from the cumulative risk indices. Results indicated that cumulative maternal risks did have a direct influence on children’s cognitive scores. However, the infant biological risk did not significantly influence children’s cognitive scores. Additionally, results indicated that the effects of the cumulative risks were additive for this sample, not multiplicative
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/586"],"dc:subject":["African American children","preschool children","poverty","Psychology"],"dc:title":["The Influence of cumulative risk factors on the cognitive abilities of low-income, African- American preschool children"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:57Z"}