The purpose of this study was to determine if a seven-day live high–train low (LHTL) simulated altitude exposure could improve (a) anaerobic and/or aerobic capacity (VO2peak) in trained cyclists (n = 10) and (b) VO2peak and/or 400m swimming performance in collegiate swimmers (n=8).
In procedures approved by the EMU Human Subjects Review Board, cyclists performed seven cycle ergometer trials to measure maximal mean power output (MMPO4min), maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and VO2peak, whereas swimmers completed five incremental arm ergometer trials (VO2peak) and 400m swimming performance trials before and after LHTL. No significant changes were observed in any measured parameter. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that a 7- day simulated altitude exposure of 2,500m for 8.5 hours each night is insufficient to result in changes in MAOD, VO2peak, or performance among highly trained cyclists and swimmers. iii
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this study was to determine if a seven-day live high–train low (LHTL) simulated altitude exposure could improve (a) anaerobic and/or aerobic capacity (VO<sub>2peak</sub>) in trained cyclists (n = 10) and (b) VO<sub>2peak</sub> and/or 400m swimming performance in collegiate swimmers (n=8).</p> <p>In procedures approved by the EMU Human Subjects Review Board, cyclists performed seven cycle ergometer trials to measure maximal mean power output (MMPO<sub>4min</sub>), maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and VO<sub>2peak</sub>, whereas swimmers completed five incremental arm ergometer trials (VO<sub>2peak</sub>) and 400m swimming performance trials before and after LHTL. No significant changes were observed in any measured parameter. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that a 7- day simulated altitude exposure of 2,500m for 8.5 hours each night is insufficient to result in changes in MAOD, VO<sub>2peak</sub>, or performance among highly trained cyclists and swimmers. iii</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ratz, Ian"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Open Access Thesis","degree_discipline":"Health Promotion and Human Performance","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Stephen McGregor, Ph.D., Chair","Andrew Coggan, Ph.D.","Christine Karshin, Ph.D."],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2008,"date_issued":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:36Z","subjects":["Altitude","Influence of","Cycling Physiological aspects","Swimming Physiological aspects","Exercise Science"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.emich.edu/theses/233","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Stephen McGregor, Ph.D., Chair","Andrew Coggan, Ph.D.","Christine Karshin, Ph.D."]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ratz, Ian"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Health Promotion and Human Performance"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Altitude","Influence of","Cycling Physiological aspects","Swimming Physiological aspects","Exercise Science"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/233"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to determine if a seven-day live high–train low (LHTL) simulated altitude exposure could improve (a) anaerobic and/or aerobic capacity (VO2peak) in trained cyclists (n = 10) and (b) VO2peak and/or 400m swimming performance in collegiate swimmers (n=8).
In procedures approved by the EMU Human Subjects Review Board, cyclists performed seven cycle ergometer trials to measure maximal mean power output (MMPO4min), maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and VO2peak, whereas swimmers completed five incremental arm ergometer trials (VO2peak) and 400m swimming performance trials before and after LHTL. No significant changes were observed in any measured parameter. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that a 7- day simulated altitude exposure of 2,500m for 8.5 hours each night is insufficient to result in changes in MAOD, VO2peak, or performance among highly trained cyclists and swimmers. iii
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Anaerobic and performance adaptations to a “live high–train low” approach using simulated altitude exposure"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Stephen McGregor, Ph.D., Chair","Andrew Coggan, Ph.D.","Christine Karshin, Ph.D."],"dc:creator":["Ratz, Ian"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to determine if a seven-day live high–train low (LHTL) simulated altitude exposure could improve (a) anaerobic and/or aerobic capacity (VO2peak) in trained cyclists (n = 10) and (b) VO2peak and/or 400m swimming performance in collegiate swimmers (n=8).
In procedures approved by the EMU Human Subjects Review Board, cyclists performed seven cycle ergometer trials to measure maximal mean power output (MMPO4min), maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and VO2peak, whereas swimmers completed five incremental arm ergometer trials (VO2peak) and 400m swimming performance trials before and after LHTL. No significant changes were observed in any measured parameter. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that a 7- day simulated altitude exposure of 2,500m for 8.5 hours each night is insufficient to result in changes in MAOD, VO2peak, or performance among highly trained cyclists and swimmers. iii
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/233"],"dc:subject":["Altitude","Influence of","Cycling Physiological aspects","Swimming Physiological aspects","Exercise Science"],"dc:title":["Anaerobic and performance adaptations to a “live high–train low” approach using simulated altitude exposure"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Health Promotion and Human Performance"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:36Z"}