The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative, retrospective (ex post facto), research in south central Michigan was to determine the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school to students with disabilities (SWDs). The six risk factors were (a) grade retention (never held back or held back one or more times), (b) age compared to peers (same age as peers or one year or older than peers), (c) limited English proficiency (English speaking or English as a second language), (d) category of disability (learning disabled/emotionally impaired or cognitively impaired/other), (e) mobility (the number of school districts or educational settings attended), and (f) the time of year that students moved (during the school year or in the summer months).
A logistic regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine whether students with any combination of six factors were at higher risk for dropping out of school. The findings indicated that the age of the student (older than peers), number of educational settings attended (attended more than one school district in school career), and the time of the year moved (moved during the school year) are all individually significant predictors of SWDs dropping out of school. The findings also suggested that the factor of being one year or older than peers is predictive of dropping out of school when time of the year the student moved is controlled and vice versa.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative, retrospective (ex post facto), research in south central Michigan was to determine the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school to students with disabilities (SWDs). The six risk factors were (a) grade retention (never held back or held back one or more times), (b) age compared to peers (same age as peers or one year or older than peers), (c) limited English proficiency (English speaking or English as a second language), (d) category of disability (learning disabled/emotionally impaired or cognitively impaired/other), (e) mobility (the number of school districts or educational settings attended), and (f) the time of year that students moved (during the school year or in the summer months).</p> <p>A logistic regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine whether students with any combination of six factors were at higher risk for dropping out of school. The findings indicated that the age of the student (older than peers), number of educational settings attended (attended more than one school district in school career), and the time of the year moved (moved during the school year) are all individually significant predictors of SWDs dropping out of school. The findings also suggested that the factor of being one year or older than peers is predictive of dropping out of school when time of the year the student moved is controlled and vice versa.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gallup, Dawn"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Education (EdD)","degree_level":"Open Access Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Leadership and Counseling","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Ronald Williamson, Chairperson","Dr. Murali Nair","Dr. John Shinsky"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2008,"date_issued":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:30Z","subjects":["Students with disabilities Education","High school dropouts","Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.emich.edu/theses/140","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Ronald Williamson, Chairperson","Dr. Murali Nair","Dr. John Shinsky"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gallup, Dawn"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Leadership and Counseling"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Education (EdD)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Students with disabilities Education","High school dropouts","Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/140"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative, retrospective (ex post facto), research in south central Michigan was to determine the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school to students with disabilities (SWDs). The six risk factors were (a) grade retention (never held back or held back one or more times), (b) age compared to peers (same age as peers or one year or older than peers), (c) limited English proficiency (English speaking or English as a second language), (d) category of disability (learning disabled/emotionally impaired or cognitively impaired/other), (e) mobility (the number of school districts or educational settings attended), and (f) the time of year that students moved (during the school year or in the summer months).
A logistic regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine whether students with any combination of six factors were at higher risk for dropping out of school. The findings indicated that the age of the student (older than peers), number of educational settings attended (attended more than one school district in school career), and the time of the year moved (moved during the school year) are all individually significant predictors of SWDs dropping out of school. The findings also suggested that the factor of being one year or older than peers is predictive of dropping out of school when time of the year the student moved is controlled and vice versa.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An examination of the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school for students with disabilities in south central Michigan"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Ronald Williamson, Chairperson","Dr. Murali Nair","Dr. John Shinsky"],"dc:creator":["Gallup, Dawn"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative, retrospective (ex post facto), research in south central Michigan was to determine the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school to students with disabilities (SWDs). The six risk factors were (a) grade retention (never held back or held back one or more times), (b) age compared to peers (same age as peers or one year or older than peers), (c) limited English proficiency (English speaking or English as a second language), (d) category of disability (learning disabled/emotionally impaired or cognitively impaired/other), (e) mobility (the number of school districts or educational settings attended), and (f) the time of year that students moved (during the school year or in the summer months).
A logistic regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine whether students with any combination of six factors were at higher risk for dropping out of school. The findings indicated that the age of the student (older than peers), number of educational settings attended (attended more than one school district in school career), and the time of the year moved (moved during the school year) are all individually significant predictors of SWDs dropping out of school. The findings also suggested that the factor of being one year or older than peers is predictive of dropping out of school when time of the year the student moved is controlled and vice versa.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/140"],"dc:subject":["Students with disabilities Education","High school dropouts","Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration"],"dc:title":["An examination of the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school for students with disabilities in south central Michigan"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Leadership and Counseling"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Education (EdD)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:30Z"}