The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare the physical properties of knitted fabrics in bilaminate and trilaminate composite forms used in Foam-In-Place (FIP) manufacturing technology for automotive applications. Seven physical tests employed by the automotive industry to evaluate the physical properties of fabric were used. The factors tested were Elongation, Boardiness, Weight, Thickness, Stretch and Set, Breaking Radius, and Ravel. Each test was performed according to standard test methods established by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) or the specifications of tier-one automotive seat suppliers. Fabric samples consisted of three flat knit fabrics as bilaminate and trilaminate composites, laminated by one source, using the same method and polymer. The fabric specimens were tested for the foregoing properties.
Independent Samples Tests were performed to determine statistically significant differences between the knitted fabric test data. The analysis indicated that there were differences in the physical properties of bilaminated and trilaminated knitted fabrics.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare the physical properties of knitted fabrics in bilaminate and trilaminate composite forms used in Foam-In-Place (FIP) manufacturing technology for automotive applications. Seven physical tests employed by the automotive industry to evaluate the physical properties of fabric were used. The factors tested were Elongation, Boardiness, Weight, Thickness, Stretch and Set, Breaking Radius, and Ravel. Each test was performed according to standard test methods established by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) or the specifications of tier-one automotive seat suppliers. Fabric samples consisted of three flat knit fabrics as bilaminate and trilaminate composites, laminated by one source, using the same method and polymer. The fabric specimens were tested for the foregoing properties.</p> <p>Independent Samples Tests were performed to determine statistically significant differences between the knitted fabric test data. The analysis indicated that there were differences in the physical properties of bilaminated and trilaminated knitted fabrics.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pfeifer, Rebecca Anne"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Open Access Thesis","degree_discipline":"Technology Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Kelly Welker, PhD, Chair","Polly Buchanan, PhD, RD, CHE","Louise Jones, ArchD"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2005,"date_issued":"2005-10-12T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2005-10-12T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:30Z","subjects":["Composite materials in automobiles Testing","Laminated fabrics Testing","Textile fabrics Testing","Materials Science and Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.emich.edu/theses/112","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Kelly Welker, PhD, Chair","Polly Buchanan, PhD, RD, CHE","Louise Jones, ArchD"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pfeifer, Rebecca Anne"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Technology Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Composite materials in automobiles Testing","Laminated fabrics Testing","Textile fabrics Testing","Materials Science and Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/112"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare the physical properties of knitted fabrics in bilaminate and trilaminate composite forms used in Foam-In-Place (FIP) manufacturing technology for automotive applications. Seven physical tests employed by the automotive industry to evaluate the physical properties of fabric were used. The factors tested were Elongation, Boardiness, Weight, Thickness, Stretch and Set, Breaking Radius, and Ravel. Each test was performed according to standard test methods established by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) or the specifications of tier-one automotive seat suppliers. Fabric samples consisted of three flat knit fabrics as bilaminate and trilaminate composites, laminated by one source, using the same method and polymer. The fabric specimens were tested for the foregoing properties.
Independent Samples Tests were performed to determine statistically significant differences between the knitted fabric test data. The analysis indicated that there were differences in the physical properties of bilaminated and trilaminated knitted fabrics.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Evaluation of textile fabric properties utilized in foam-in-place head restraints"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Kelly Welker, PhD, Chair","Polly Buchanan, PhD, RD, CHE","Louise Jones, ArchD"],"dc:creator":["Pfeifer, Rebecca Anne"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare the physical properties of knitted fabrics in bilaminate and trilaminate composite forms used in Foam-In-Place (FIP) manufacturing technology for automotive applications. Seven physical tests employed by the automotive industry to evaluate the physical properties of fabric were used. The factors tested were Elongation, Boardiness, Weight, Thickness, Stretch and Set, Breaking Radius, and Ravel. Each test was performed according to standard test methods established by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) or the specifications of tier-one automotive seat suppliers. Fabric samples consisted of three flat knit fabrics as bilaminate and trilaminate composites, laminated by one source, using the same method and polymer. The fabric specimens were tested for the foregoing properties.
Independent Samples Tests were performed to determine statistically significant differences between the knitted fabric test data. The analysis indicated that there were differences in the physical properties of bilaminated and trilaminated knitted fabrics.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.emich.edu/theses/112"],"dc:subject":["Composite materials in automobiles Testing","Laminated fabrics Testing","Textile fabrics Testing","Materials Science and Engineering"],"dc:title":["Evaluation of textile fabric properties utilized in foam-in-place head restraints"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Technology Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:30Z"}