In 2012, the federal government estimated that $17.5 billion was spent on inspection, rehabilitation, maintenance, and replacement of the nation’s bridges. While the average lifespan of steel and reinforced concrete bridges is 50 years, certain bridges subjected to extremely aggressive marine environments may not reach this desired target. This research paper investigates using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials as primary bridge girders in medium span bridges (30 ft. to 75 ft.). The goal of this research is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective alternative for these corrosion-resistant materials and potentially extend the lifespan of these bridges up to 75 years. Three distinct profiles were investigated in this research: U-shaped, concrete-filled FRP tubes, and Double Web I-Beams (DWB). Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was used to study the overall stiffness of FRP girder bridges with a cast-in-place concrete deck. Girder distribution factors for moment were also computed using reliability analysis tools and FEM. These results were then compared to existing AASHTO methods. Once the most efficient cross-section was identified (U-shaped girder), a preliminary study investigating the vacuum infusion manufacturing process was conducted to verify that the required thicknesses of FRP can be achieved. Simple bending tests were completed on small-scale FRP beams to demonstrate the strength capacity and evaluate any difficulties using the vacuum infusion process (VIP). The results in this research study conclude that the U-shaped bridge girder is the most cost-effective alternative, yet fabrication remains challenging and complicated.
","abstract_html":"<p>In 2012, the federal government estimated that $17.5 billion was spent on inspection, rehabilitation, maintenance, and replacement of the nation’s bridges. While the average lifespan of steel and reinforced concrete bridges is 50 years, certain bridges subjected to extremely aggressive marine environments may not reach this desired target. This research paper investigates using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials as primary bridge girders in medium span bridges (30 ft. to 75 ft.). The goal of this research is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective alternative for these corrosion-resistant materials and potentially extend the lifespan of these bridges up to 75 years. Three distinct profiles were investigated in this research: U-shaped, concrete-filled FRP tubes, and Double Web I-Beams (DWB). Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was used to study the overall stiffness of FRP girder bridges with a cast-in-place concrete deck. Girder distribution factors for moment were also computed using reliability analysis tools and FEM. These results were then compared to existing AASHTO methods. Once the most efficient cross-section was identified (U-shaped girder), a preliminary study investigating the vacuum infusion manufacturing process was conducted to verify that the required thicknesses of FRP can be achieved. Simple bending tests were completed on small-scale FRP beams to demonstrate the strength capacity and evaluate any difficulties using the vacuum infusion process (VIP). The results in this research study conclude that the U-shaped bridge girder is the most cost-effective alternative, yet fabrication remains challenging and complicated.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Azeez, Abdellah Emad"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Civil Engineering","degree_level":"Thesis - Open Access","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-04-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2019-04-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:25:29Z","subjects":["fiber-reinforced","polymer","bridge","girders","Civil Engineering","Operational Research","Structural Engineering"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.erau.edu/edt/438","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Azeez, Abdellah Emad"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - Open Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Civil Engineering"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["fiber-reinforced","polymer","bridge","girders","Civil Engineering","Operational Research","Structural Engineering"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.erau.edu/edt/438"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In 2012, the federal government estimated that $17.5 billion was spent on inspection, rehabilitation, maintenance, and replacement of the nation’s bridges. While the average lifespan of steel and reinforced concrete bridges is 50 years, certain bridges subjected to extremely aggressive marine environments may not reach this desired target. This research paper investigates using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials as primary bridge girders in medium span bridges (30 ft. to 75 ft.). The goal of this research is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective alternative for these corrosion-resistant materials and potentially extend the lifespan of these bridges up to 75 years. Three distinct profiles were investigated in this research: U-shaped, concrete-filled FRP tubes, and Double Web I-Beams (DWB). Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was used to study the overall stiffness of FRP girder bridges with a cast-in-place concrete deck. Girder distribution factors for moment were also computed using reliability analysis tools and FEM. These results were then compared to existing AASHTO methods. Once the most efficient cross-section was identified (U-shaped girder), a preliminary study investigating the vacuum infusion manufacturing process was conducted to verify that the required thicknesses of FRP can be achieved. Simple bending tests were completed on small-scale FRP beams to demonstrate the strength capacity and evaluate any difficulties using the vacuum infusion process (VIP). The results in this research study conclude that the U-shaped bridge girder is the most cost-effective alternative, yet fabrication remains challenging and complicated.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bridge Girders for Extremely Aggressive Environments"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Azeez, Abdellah Emad"],"dc:description.abstract":["In 2012, the federal government estimated that $17.5 billion was spent on inspection, rehabilitation, maintenance, and replacement of the nation’s bridges. While the average lifespan of steel and reinforced concrete bridges is 50 years, certain bridges subjected to extremely aggressive marine environments may not reach this desired target. This research paper investigates using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials as primary bridge girders in medium span bridges (30 ft. to 75 ft.). The goal of this research is to identify the most efficient and cost-effective alternative for these corrosion-resistant materials and potentially extend the lifespan of these bridges up to 75 years. Three distinct profiles were investigated in this research: U-shaped, concrete-filled FRP tubes, and Double Web I-Beams (DWB). Finite Element Modeling (FEM) was used to study the overall stiffness of FRP girder bridges with a cast-in-place concrete deck. Girder distribution factors for moment were also computed using reliability analysis tools and FEM. These results were then compared to existing AASHTO methods. Once the most efficient cross-section was identified (U-shaped girder), a preliminary study investigating the vacuum infusion manufacturing process was conducted to verify that the required thicknesses of FRP can be achieved. Simple bending tests were completed on small-scale FRP beams to demonstrate the strength capacity and evaluate any difficulties using the vacuum infusion process (VIP). The results in this research study conclude that the U-shaped bridge girder is the most cost-effective alternative, yet fabrication remains challenging and complicated.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.erau.edu/edt/438"],"dc:subject":["fiber-reinforced","polymer","bridge","girders","Civil Engineering","Operational Research","Structural Engineering"],"dc:title":["Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bridge Girders for Extremely Aggressive Environments"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - Open Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Civil Engineering"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:25:29Z"}