The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intruder vertical rate on pilots’ perception of aircraft separation as viewed on a cockpit traffic display. A group of 20 student pilots from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated as subjects. SuperCard® software and a Macintosh II® personal computer were employed to generate the simulation of a cockpit display of traffic information. Each pilot monitored 84 scenarios in which they had to perceive how far away a single intruder would pass over or under their own aircraft. The pilots’ decision time, vertical and horizontal distance at decision time and percentage of correct/incorrect answers were determined from the experimental data. Vertical rate was found to significantly effect pilots’ predictions of vertical separation at the passing point and that pilot error rates increased with increasing intruder vertical rate. This result must be weighed with the randomization error present during the experiment.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intruder vertical rate on pilots’ perception of aircraft separation as viewed on a cockpit traffic display. A group of 20 student pilots from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated as subjects. SuperCard® software and a Macintosh II® personal computer were employed to generate the simulation of a cockpit display of traffic information. Each pilot monitored 84 scenarios in which they had to perceive how far away a single intruder would pass over or under their own aircraft. The pilots’ decision time, vertical and horizontal distance at decision time and percentage of correct/incorrect answers were determined from the experimental data. Vertical rate was found to significantly effect pilots’ predictions of vertical separation at the passing point and that pilot error rates increased with increasing intruder vertical rate. This result must be weighed with the randomization error present during the experiment.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Rooney, Bryan H."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Aeronautical Science","degree_level":"Thesis - Open Access","degree_discipline":"Graduate Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Daniel J. Garland","John A. Wise","Richard Gilson"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1992,"date_issued":"1992-04-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1992-04-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:25:16Z","subjects":["intruder vertical rate","pilots","aircraft separation","cockpit traffic display","decision time","Aviation"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.erau.edu/db-theses/233","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Daniel J. Garland","John A. Wise","Richard Gilson"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Rooney, Bryan H."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Graduate Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - Open Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Aeronautical Science"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["intruder vertical rate","pilots","aircraft separation","cockpit traffic display","decision time","Aviation"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.erau.edu/db-theses/233"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intruder vertical rate on pilots’ perception of aircraft separation as viewed on a cockpit traffic display. A group of 20 student pilots from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated as subjects. SuperCard® software and a Macintosh II® personal computer were employed to generate the simulation of a cockpit display of traffic information. Each pilot monitored 84 scenarios in which they had to perceive how far away a single intruder would pass over or under their own aircraft. The pilots’ decision time, vertical and horizontal distance at decision time and percentage of correct/incorrect answers were determined from the experimental data. Vertical rate was found to significantly effect pilots’ predictions of vertical separation at the passing point and that pilot error rates increased with increasing intruder vertical rate. This result must be weighed with the randomization error present during the experiment.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effect of Intruder Vertical Rate on Pilot Perception of Separation on a Cockpit Traffic Display"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Daniel J. Garland","John A. Wise","Richard Gilson"],"dc:creator":["Rooney, Bryan H."],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intruder vertical rate on pilots’ perception of aircraft separation as viewed on a cockpit traffic display. A group of 20 student pilots from Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University participated as subjects. SuperCard® software and a Macintosh II® personal computer were employed to generate the simulation of a cockpit display of traffic information. Each pilot monitored 84 scenarios in which they had to perceive how far away a single intruder would pass over or under their own aircraft. The pilots’ decision time, vertical and horizontal distance at decision time and percentage of correct/incorrect answers were determined from the experimental data. Vertical rate was found to significantly effect pilots’ predictions of vertical separation at the passing point and that pilot error rates increased with increasing intruder vertical rate. This result must be weighed with the randomization error present during the experiment.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.erau.edu/db-theses/233"],"dc:subject":["intruder vertical rate","pilots","aircraft separation","cockpit traffic display","decision time","Aviation"],"dc:title":["Effect of Intruder Vertical Rate on Pilot Perception of Separation on a Cockpit Traffic Display"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Graduate Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - Open Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Aeronautical Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:25:16Z"}