Automation management strategies can assist the operator in coordinating activity in automated systems. Baggage screening is a domain in which automation and alarms can be studied in terms of signal detection theory. Baggage screening is vital to national security and should be completed in a time efficient manner without compromising accuracy. In the present study, the automation management strategies of management by consent (MBC) and management by exception (MBE) were crossed with alarm modalities of a visual (flashing) or an auditory alert which served as redundant cues in a baggage screening task. A control base line condition existed in which participants received each automation strategy without an added alarm modality. Results failed to support multiple resource theory because significance was only found for modality in the comparison of overall reaction time and reaction time of automated false alarms. Yet significance was found between the automation management strategies. The time restraint that is inherent in a management by exception (MBE) strategy causes people to respond more quickly but less accurately than when compared to a management by consent (MBC) situation, even if participants are not as confident in their choice.
","abstract_html":"<p>Automation management strategies can assist the operator in coordinating activity in automated systems. Baggage screening is a domain in which automation and alarms can be studied in terms of signal detection theory. Baggage screening is vital to national security and should be completed in a time efficient manner without compromising accuracy. In the present study, the automation management strategies of management by consent (MBC) and management by exception (MBE) were crossed with alarm modalities of a visual (flashing) or an auditory alert which served as redundant cues in a baggage screening task. A control base line condition existed in which participants received each automation strategy without an added alarm modality. Results failed to support multiple resource theory because significance was only found for modality in the comparison of overall reaction time and reaction time of automated false alarms. Yet significance was found between the automation management strategies. The time restraint that is inherent in a management by exception (MBE) strategy causes people to respond more quickly but less accurately than when compared to a management by consent (MBC) situation, even if participants are not as confident in their choice.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Leach, Michelle Ann"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science in Human Factors & Systems","degree_level":"Thesis - Open Access","degree_discipline":"Human Factors and Systems","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Shawn Michael Doherty","Dahai Liu","Hong Liu"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2005,"date_issued":"2005-04-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2005-04-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:25:37Z","subjects":["automation","management","modalities","baggage screening","Aviation","Management and Operations"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://commons.erau.edu/db-theses/116","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Shawn Michael Doherty","Dahai Liu","Hong Liu"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Leach, Michelle Ann"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Human Factors and Systems"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis - Open Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science in Human Factors & Systems"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["automation","management","modalities","baggage screening","Aviation","Management and Operations"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://commons.erau.edu/db-theses/116"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Automation management strategies can assist the operator in coordinating activity in automated systems. Baggage screening is a domain in which automation and alarms can be studied in terms of signal detection theory. Baggage screening is vital to national security and should be completed in a time efficient manner without compromising accuracy. In the present study, the automation management strategies of management by consent (MBC) and management by exception (MBE) were crossed with alarm modalities of a visual (flashing) or an auditory alert which served as redundant cues in a baggage screening task. A control base line condition existed in which participants received each automation strategy without an added alarm modality. Results failed to support multiple resource theory because significance was only found for modality in the comparison of overall reaction time and reaction time of automated false alarms. Yet significance was found between the automation management strategies. The time restraint that is inherent in a management by exception (MBE) strategy causes people to respond more quickly but less accurately than when compared to a management by consent (MBC) situation, even if participants are not as confident in their choice.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effect of Automation Management Strategies and Sensory Modalities as Applied to a Baggage Screening Task"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Shawn Michael Doherty","Dahai Liu","Hong Liu"],"dc:creator":["Leach, Michelle Ann"],"dc:description.abstract":["Automation management strategies can assist the operator in coordinating activity in automated systems. Baggage screening is a domain in which automation and alarms can be studied in terms of signal detection theory. Baggage screening is vital to national security and should be completed in a time efficient manner without compromising accuracy. In the present study, the automation management strategies of management by consent (MBC) and management by exception (MBE) were crossed with alarm modalities of a visual (flashing) or an auditory alert which served as redundant cues in a baggage screening task. A control base line condition existed in which participants received each automation strategy without an added alarm modality. Results failed to support multiple resource theory because significance was only found for modality in the comparison of overall reaction time and reaction time of automated false alarms. Yet significance was found between the automation management strategies. The time restraint that is inherent in a management by exception (MBE) strategy causes people to respond more quickly but less accurately than when compared to a management by consent (MBC) situation, even if participants are not as confident in their choice.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://commons.erau.edu/db-theses/116"],"dc:subject":["automation","management","modalities","baggage screening","Aviation","Management and Operations"],"dc:title":["Effect of Automation Management Strategies and Sensory Modalities as Applied to a Baggage Screening Task"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Human Factors and Systems"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis - Open Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science in Human Factors & Systems"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:25:37Z"}