The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an international agency that monitors the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) in sports; their mission is “to lead a collaborative worldwide movement for doping-free sport” (Who We Are, 2022). For this mission, the WADA needs quick, sensitive, reproducible, and accurate methods for analyzing athletes’ biological fluids for possible PEDs. This research focuses on developing and validating simple, sensitive, rapid, and reliable gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the analysis of two hormone and metabolic modulators, toremifene and trimetazidine. Previously, there has been limited GC-MS methods used to analyze toremifene and trimetazidine. Quantification of these two PEDs was based on the peak area instrument response. The performance of the proposed methods was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) according to the International Council on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. Furthermore, the developed method was applied for the determination of trimetazidine in urine using liquid-liquid extraction with a 37% extraction efficiency.
","abstract_html":"<p>The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an international agency that monitors the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) in sports; their mission is “to lead a collaborative worldwide movement for doping-free sport” (Who We Are, 2022). For this mission, the WADA needs quick, sensitive, reproducible, and accurate methods for analyzing athletes’ biological fluids for possible PEDs. This research focuses on developing and validating simple, sensitive, rapid, and reliable gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the analysis of two hormone and metabolic modulators, toremifene and trimetazidine. Previously, there has been limited GC-MS methods used to analyze toremifene and trimetazidine. Quantification of these two PEDs was based on the peak area instrument response. The performance of the proposed methods was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) according to the International Council on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. Furthermore, the developed method was applied for the determination of trimetazidine in urine using liquid-liquid extraction with a 37% extraction efficiency. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Speidel, Ruth Marie"],"institution":"Eastern Kentucky University","degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":"Master's","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2022-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:15:53Z","subjects":["Chromatography","Doping","Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry","Toremifene","Trimetazidine","Analytical Chemistry","Toxicology"],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright 2022 Ruth Marie Speidel"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/763","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Speidel, Ruth Marie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Master Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Master's"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Eastern Kentucky University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Chromatography","Doping","Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry","Toremifene","Trimetazidine","Analytical Chemistry","Toxicology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2022 Ruth Marie Speidel"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/763"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an international agency that monitors the use of Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) in sports; their mission is “to lead a collaborative worldwide movement for doping-free sport” (Who We Are, 2022). For this mission, the WADA needs quick, sensitive, reproducible, and accurate methods for analyzing athletes’ biological fluids for possible PEDs. This research focuses on developing and validating simple, sensitive, rapid, and reliable gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for the analysis of two hormone and metabolic modulators, toremifene and trimetazidine. Previously, there has been limited GC-MS methods used to analyze toremifene and trimetazidine. Quantification of these two PEDs was based on the peak area instrument response. The performance of the proposed methods was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) according to the International Council on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. Furthermore, the developed method was applied for the determination of trimetazidine in urine using liquid-liquid extraction with a 37% extraction efficiency.
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"],"dc:format":["application/PDF"],"dc:identifier":["https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/763"],"dc:publisher":["Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2022 Ruth Marie Speidel"],"dc:source":["Encompass Digital Archive: Online Theses and Dissertations"],"dc:subject":["Chromatography","Doping","Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry","Toremifene","Trimetazidine","Analytical Chemistry","Toxicology"],"dc:title":["Chromatographic Studies Of Some Hormone And Metabolic Modulators Used For Doping In Sports"],"dc:type":["Master Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Master's"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"],"thesis:institution_name":["Eastern Kentucky University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:15:53Z"}